European Exploration And Conquest Of Latin America

Before European exploration and conquest in Latin America the indigenous people lived off the land working mainly to support themselves. Despite having conflicts of their own, most Latin American tribes would coexist peacefully relative to what was to come. Some, more advanced civilizations, such as the Aztec, did have conditions somewhat similar to those that would soon spread to the rest of Latin America. When European settlers started to take over the Americas, however, conditions got markedly worse. With more land than they knew what to do with and abundant valuable natural resources, greed quickly became the driving force behind most of the settler’s actions. Slavery became a tremendously important aspect of both society and economics in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese colonies through the encomienda system of forced labor. Although European settlers had nearly identical goals, slavery had distinct roles in their individual colonial economies and societies. Europe an settlers began to travel to and colonize Latin America in the late 15th century searching for wealth and new opportunities. Around the same time both North and South America were being colonized by Spain, Great Britain, France and Portugal. The main goal for all of these nations was to obtain wealth from valuable metals such as gold and silver. From the very beginning colonization was driven mainly by greed. This greed was somewhat satisfied for nations that colonized areas which had gold and silverShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Age Of Exploration1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe age of exploration is a period of time from the 15th century to the 18th century where exploration and new discovery grow rapidly for the Europeans. It represent a time of both good and bad when the Europeans founded new lands and colonize them, such as the New World. To them, they had greatly benefited as their power grew but for others, their land were invaded and lost many lives. The Spanish and the Port uguese are two main leaders of Europe that began the movement of exploration and colonizationRead MoreThe European Expansion and Its Impact on Indigenous People774 Words   |  4 PagesBurlingham History 110B 02 October 2012 The European Expansion and Its Impact on Indigenous People 15th and 16th century European conquest in Africa and Latin America was significant for global expansion. Important areas such as the West African coast and Mexico were explored, making this period of time momentous. However, what was even more noteworthy were the similar methods that the Europeans used while intruding upon both the foreign lands. The Europeans showed little respect towards African andRead MoreThe Age Of Exploration By Christopher Columbus1358 Words   |  6 Pagesseventeenth century is known as the â€Å"Age of Exploration†. Europe began to colonize the countries they had â€Å"discovered†. A major part of the world that they colonized was Latin America. Spain was the first to colonize, and the United States started to take interest in Latin America towards the 19th century. Europe and The United States both took interest in Latin America, but for different reasons. Spain was the first European nation to colonize Latin America, beginning with Christopher Columbus voyageRead MoreMeztisos: People of Idigenous and European Blood Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesand expansion for Europeans. During these years of discovery, great forces behind drive for expansion existed. The Spanish and Portugueses main forces included: the lust for the wealth of gold and silver, the acquisition of new lands which brought nobility, and the spread of their Christian based religion. The Spanish and Portuguese conquest of Latin America provides us with insight of these drives in the ultimate search for power. Unfortunately, these motives caused a European-Indigenous syncretismRead MoreCcot Europe 600-1750 Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic alteration was the decline of feudal manoralism, prevalent in the early medieval era, as a result of the restoration of commerce following the Crusades. Another major change was the socioeconomic impact of the Age of Explora tion circa 1500, which would establish European Hegemony. While economic transforma-tions occurred throughout Western Europe, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church was continuous despite fluctuations in its authority. After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE,Read MoreEssay God and Gold: Spanish Exploration1126 Words   |  5 PagesSpanish Exploration Spanish exploration and settlement of the western hemisphere lasted from 1492 until 1898, from Christopher Columbus’s first voyage to the loss of its last colonies in the Spanish-American war. As with all major seafaring European nations, they were in pursuit of the fabled Northwest Passage, a direct route to Asia. This was how Christopher Columbus stumbled upon the Americas, on his quest for this route. The Spanish were after more though, specifically gold and spread of the ChristianRead MoreLatin Americ The Era Of Colonization2711 Words   |  11 PagesLatin America as continent is a very diverse, culturally, geographically and in the people who inhabit the land. Some are ancestors of the indigenous people to the land, some are African Americans whose ancestors were brought over during the slave trade, others are of European descent, specifically Spanish and Portuguese who’s ancestors came to Latin America during the late 1400’s to either acquire land through the encomienda, capitancy or intendancy system; or to follow the â€Å"Spanish Dream† of comingRead MoreThe Transatlantic Slave Trade And Africa801 Words   |  4 Pagesthat an older â€Å"romantic school of historians maintained that Europeans undertook this exploration for the pure joy of discovery or to break the Moslem stranglehold on the eastern trade.† While Thornton correctly asserts this point, he fails to explain the different cultural aspects of slavery in Spain and Spanish America compared to the rest of the Atlantic World. For instance, Mark Burkholder and Lyman Johnson’s work on colonial Latin America starts in with the Spanish Reconquista, but traces the originsRead MoreDBQ-Mongols,Spanish,India1054 Words   |  5 Pagescenturies. However, the assimilation of much of the Eurasian landmass into the Mongol empire as well as the later European exploration of the Americas contributed to the creation of prolonged global connections in which the worldà ¢â‚¬â„¢s major continents were connected. Two of the most notable developments include the caravel, which aided European explorers in their conquest of the Americas, and the stirrup and composite bow, which the Mongols used to conquer Eurasia and eventually led to the Pax MongolicaRead MoreResearch Paper - Is Christopher Columbus a Hero or Villain2022 Words   |  9 Pagesnew world and jumpstarted an age of exploration like no other. After he found the Americas there was massive colonization, giant trade increases and more resources such as gold and silver were being surfaced. Europeans learned new agricultural techniques from the indigenous people, the Europeans also acquired a large number of new crops to farm such as potatoes, tomatoes, corn and cocoa. With all of the pros that the age of exploration brought to Europeans it is hard for one to imagine that Christopher

Personal Health Of Public Health - 1465 Words

Health is the most precious asset in the possession of human beings. From my classroom experience and through interaction with literature texts, I have come to the conclusion that people can be responsible for their health. As a student of public health, it is important to maintain good personal health in order to address the public health problems in the future. To be responsible for my personal health, I have taken the initiative to implement a personal health behavior changing plan to test whether a positive reinforcement of rewarding myself to watch one episode of my favorite TV show each night is an effective method to change my eating habit in a short period of time. According to my health report generated by Blue Zones, I have a very unhealthy eating habit. I do not consume enough fruits and vegetables. One of the suggestions they give to me is to enjoy some fruit and vegetables every day, by which I could add 377 days to my life expectancy. As a result, I set my short term goal to be meeting the recommendation of daily fruit and vegetable intake (2.5 cups of fruits and 3.5 cups of vegetables) made by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention base on my age (22), sex (male) and level of physical activity (30 – 60 minutes per day). In the long run, I hope to maintain a healthy eating habit without any intervention. According to CDC, One cup refers to a common measuring cup (the kind used in recipes). In general, 1 cup of raw or cooked vegetables or 100%Show MoreRelatedPersonal Statement Of Public Health Research Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Purpose I’d fallen ill while visiting my grandparents in the northern part of Nigeria and was taken to a 2-room health facility where I witnessed an unfathomable scene. In the hallway, lying on a wooden bench, a pregnant woman moaned loudly, in labor. Tossing and turning, she flinched in pain as she reached around the rusted nails protruding from the bench while simultaneously following the midwife’s directions. For many weeks, I couldn’t get the image out of my head. I remember thinkingRead MorePersonal Statement For Public Health Arena897 Words   |  4 Pagesexplore health problems in my community. One day after another, I realized how poor was the quality of health services and health education among patients and how it deeply affected people in my community. Most importantly, the lack of attention government and local leaders paid to public health issues, have led me to realize that it is not more physicians as to what our country needs, but someone to point out problems and propose effective solutions.. My first introduction to the public health arenaRead MorePersonal Statement on Public Health Master ´s Degree1027 Words   |  4 PagesMy plan is to get Public Health Master’s degree at The George Washington University, Washington, DC. I feel that my life’s experiences have created, grown and transformed my feelings, attitudes and believe toward others. I come from a modest Hispanic family, specifically from Dominican Republic a sub develop Caribbean island, which is located to the south of The United State of America. I am the third child of five children. When I was a child my parents got divorced. Then I was adopted at theRead MoreThe Media Influences Public Knowledge On Health Issues And The Subsequent Effects Upon Patients Personal Health Decisions1407 Words   |  6 Pagesour society’s opinions and choices are heavily influenced by a very prominent media presence which has infused itself into our daily lives. This paper will examine the ways in whi ch the media influences public knowledge about health issues and the subsequent effects upon patients’ personal health decisions. Through this lens, I will examine the anti-vaccine movement and consider methods that can be utilized by healthcare professionals to combat the consequences of misinformation. This is importantRead MoreImportance Of Public Health1006 Words   |  5 PagesPublic health is defined as the science of protecting and improving people’s health and their communities. Public health is achieved through promotion of healthy lifestyles, researching the prevention of diseases and injuries, as well as detecting, thwarting and responding to infectious disease outbreaks. As such, public health involves protecting the health of entire populations, for example, in local neighborhoods or in an entire country or region of the world. The mission of public health is toRead MorePublic Health1163 Words   |  5 PagesPUBLIC HEALTH Health is the word used to describe how your body feels. Being healthy is important because it makes you feel good and live longer. The field of health psychology is focused on promoting health as well as the prevention and treatment of disease and illness. Health psychologists also focus on understanding how people react, cope and recover from illness. Some health psychologists work to improve the health care system and the government s approach to health care policy. HealthRead MoreThe 10 Essential Public Health Services908 Words   |  4 Pages The 10 essential public health services are distributed under the three core functions of assurance, assessment, and policy development. Every community and public health organization should undertake activities that represent the 10 essential public health services. The American Heart Association is a nonprofit agency that embodies some of the essential public health services. Headquartered in Dallas, Texas, the AHA has many local offices that serve various communities across the country. It isRead MoreThe Principles of Public Health822 Words   |  3 PagesWhat are the principles of public health? There are two difference approaches to show the principles of public health. One is including mission, core functions and ten essential services. The other one has 5 public health principles. Firstly, the principles of public health are mission, core functions and ten essential services. The mission is to achieve society’s interest in ensuring people’s health conditions. The core functions are divided into three parts. The first part is assessment. AssessmentRead MoreComparing Views: Reasons behind the Obesity Problem Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesBalkos essay What You Eat Is Your Business and in David Zinczenkos essay Dont Blame the Eater, the main ideas that are presented both reflect upon obesity and personal responsibility. The main point that Balko wants to get across in his essay is that obesity has become part of public health which has forced us to pay for the health problems associated with the obese. Whereas the main point that Zinczenko wants to address is that the government has not tried to help the problems related to theRead MoreShould We Assign Personal Responsibility For Obesity Epidemic?1649 Words   |  7 PagesShould we assign personal responsibility for obesity epidemic? Obesity is a growing threat to public health in the World and in the United States. Since 1960, the prevalence of obesity increased twice in the United States. According to a latest report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  on November 11, 2015 obesity rates among U.S. adults increased from 30 % in 2003 to 36.5 % in 2011-2014. The estimated annual health care costs of obesity-related illness is approximately $190 billion

The Main Parts Of The Constitution - 888 Words

The main parts of the constitution are preamble, articles, and the amendments. So the preamble is the introduction. Also, the article explains how the government works and the amendments are all 27 amendments. The preamble starts by stating the goals of the constitution. It explains that the U.S wants to form a better country. In addition, the United States wants to have peace in the country by defending the country. Also, the constitution explains to help everyone live in a better Nameless environment and for our children. In a result, this will make peace in our country. Nameless Island should have a plan of government. So, there are three different branches which are legislative, executive, and judicial branch. Legislative branch is when Congress makes laws and it divides into a Senate and House representative. Both make rules for election members, give powers to Congress and limit powers. The executive branch is setting up the presidency and vice presidency to carry out laws. Als o, making election rules, taking charge, and the powers of presidency. The Judicial Branch sets up the Supreme Court, the duties and powers of the federal courts and judicial reviews. So for example, Articles of Confederation it is a loose confederation of Independent states with little power in central government. The articles most decisions were made in state legislatures. It s provided for a central government of sorts but it has few responsibilities and virtually no power. This could makeShow MoreRelatedThe Main Role As Part Of The Constitution1710 Words   |  7 Pages Despite the fact that definition and nature of conventions is uncertain it is obvious that they have a significant role as part of UK constitution. To understand how conventions are sufficient as a sources of the constitution it is necessary to discuss their nature first, then continue with analysis on how they operate from a wider prospective and finally, emphasize their strengths and weaknesses. Constitutional convention is an informal agreement which is not signed or codified by any authorityRead MoreHow Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny? (Dbq) Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesHow Did The Constitution Guard Against Tyranny? Have you ever wondered what the US would be like if our government was a tyranny? Well, thanks to our founding fathers for creating a strong constitution, we don’t have to worry about that. The constitution was written in 1787 in Philadelphia. The problem was that the existing government that was under the Articles Of Confederation wasn’t very successful. Therefore, the fifty-five delegates representing twelve out of the thirteen states came togetherRead MoreThe Constitution Of Indian Constitution Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Constitution is not a mere lawyers document, it is a vehicle of Life, and its spirit is always the spirit of Age.† -B. R. Ambedkar. Constitution is believed to be supreme law of a country. The word ‘Constitution’ is a French origin which is generally used for regulation and orders. Constitution means body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organisation is governed. Every country has its own constitution, which describes about duties, rules andRead MoreThe Failure of the Constitution to Meet the Needs of a Rapidly Changing Society683 Words   |  3 PagesFailure of the Constitution to Meet the Needs of a Rapidly Changing Society When the Constitution was written by the Founding Fathers back in 1787, they intentionally made it so that it could survive over time. They made it flexable so because they envisaged that there were problems that they could not forsee in the future, these are things such as the Depression of the late twenties and early thirties. The Framers intended for the amendment process to be the main way of Read More Jeffersonian Republicans Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesJeffersonian Republicans With respect to the federal constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison. Before 1801, the Jeffersonian Republicans were usually strict constructionists of the constitution. However during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison theyRead MoreRole of the United States Constitution832 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Constitution The role of the constitution plays an important part of the everyday life in the United States. It is a part of every person’s life even if they do not realize it. It usually has impacted your life in the past or even at every moment in someone’s life. â€Å"Although the Constitution created a new federal government, it took a courageous, brilliant, and farseeing Supreme Court chief justice to help realize the framers’ vision.† (Microsoft, 2007) The Constitution itself providesRead MoreEssay on A.P.U.S.H. 1776626 Words   |  3 Pagesthe main reason was they wanted freedom from parliament; they did not want to be governed from overseas, they got sick and tired of the taxation and laws. They adopted the republican government because they did want to be a monarchy or dictatorship; America wanted the â€Å"people to rule† the country. They saw how a monarchy worked and did not want to be trapped in the same position Britain’s king was in. Ameri ca and Britain had similarities and differences in this type of government too. The main differenceRead MoreThe Issue Of The Uk1395 Words   |  6 PagesIt is quite a complicated question whether the UK really has a constitution in its modern sense. Back in the 18th century it was not even a question; the British constitution was recognized and celebrated for its democratic spirit, particularly by French Enlighteners and some of the American Founding Fathers. But since the Americans have decided to write down their principles of government into a document and to call it â€Å"Constitution,† and a lot of other countries, such as the newly-freed Latin AmericanRead MoreFederalist Papers : The Federalist Paper1617 Words   |  7 PagesPapers Ten and Fifty-One were the ideal papers written by Madison to support th ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬e ratification of the Constitution. Out of all the federalist papers, these are two of the most important federalist papers. So what wer e the federalist papers? They were 85 essays written by three gentlemen: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay that explained particular provisions of the Constitution in detail. Alexander Hamilton goes on to be the first treasury secretary, James Madison goes on to be theRead MoreReasons for Colonial Migration were Gold Glory, and God649 Words   |  3 PagesMigration from one place to another place has many causes and many effects. The main reasons for migration are gold, glory, and god. Gold, because people wanted to make money. Glory was in order to get positions in government in the new place. God was to escape religious persecution. Another area of migration was also slaves to go work the land. Many groups migrated to the New World from many different places, for many different reasons, and had many effects on the New World. Two groups of migration

A Research Study On Primary Source And Primary Sources For...

1.6. Literature Sources 1.6.1. Primary source: A primary source is defined as a document or a source of research data built up at the same time as the research subject and directly connected to the events or people being research (Concordia Library, 2010). Primary sources can be in form of diaries, speeches, letters (Concordia Library, 2010). The first primary source that will be used is a webpage called â€Å"Positive parenting tips† by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the USA in 2015. The webpage is about how children develop in different periods of their lives and tips for parents of children in different age groups. The information was written by a governmental organization with many experts in the US which makes it very reliable to the readers. However, most of the data is about parenting and child development, which is not relative to this research. The researcher has decided to use the age groups divided and named by this organization to answer Research Question 1 about the general background of colour as a marketing technique for child-oriented food products. The second primary source will be used is â€Å"Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Food and Non-alcoholic beverage to Children† published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010. This is a PDF file about the current condition of child-oriented food marketing in the view of health activists. The document is very up-to-date, valid and reliable as it is built up by WHO, one of the mostShow MoreRelatedThe Health s Conditions Of Population And Young Generation Around The World And Actions1640 Words   |  7 Pagesin public place. However, countries which decide to accept banning of smoking do not get good results and it has increased among the adults, for instance 42.1 million adults in the United States currently smoke cigarettes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, August 25, 2015 ) and One of the good example is that only 19 countries, representing 6% of the world’s population, have reached the highest level of achievement in banning tobacco adver tising, promotion and sponsorship. (Action on SmokingRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study Is Still Alive1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study is Still Alive Cells that live and multiply forever were harvested and cultured from a black woman named Henrietta Lacks. Many people made a profit off of her cells, and she nor her family knew anything about it. â€Å"Black scientists and technicians, many of them women, used cells from a black woman to help save the lives of millions of Americans, most of them white. And they did so on the same campus- and at the very same time- that state officials were conducting the infamousRead MoreCase Study : Cerebrovascular Disease : Stroke- Definition, Incidence And Prevention2665 Words   |  11 PagesTitle: Cerebrovascular Disease: Stroke- Definition, Incidence Prevention Student Larvinya Gnanasambantham Student Number 17690760 Email Address larvinya.gnanasam@student.curtin.edu.au Course BSc Medical Imaging Science Unit Foundations for Professional Health Practice 100 Lecturer/tutor Ajay Karia Lauren Parsons Due Date 15th October 2014 I declareRead MoreThe Merkel Cell ( Mcc )1459 Words   |  6 Pagescytoplasm, multiple nuclei and a coarse chromatin that makes it hard for the body to read. (Moshiri,2014) Uncontrolled cell growth essentially results in a large mass of cancerous cells, in other words a benign tumor that can become malignant and cause disease in the long run. During normal cell division, if a cell is damaged the body will recognize it and it will result in apoptosis and move on. In contrast, cancer cell division is a mutation that continues as an uncontrolled growth. (Moshiri,2014) ImplicationsRead MoreAnimal Food Threats1553 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States, 2013 (pp. 11-14, 24-40, 61-62, 71-72, Rep.). (n.d.). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved October 16, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf. Avant, S. (2012). Strategies that work: Alternatives to antibiotics in animal health. Agricultural Research, 60(5), 4-7. Retrieved from https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/ar/archive/2012/may/animal0512.pdf The author claims thatRead MoreFeatures Of Hadoop Software Library1469 Words   |  6 PagesArchitecture of Hadoop Software Library The different modules in the architecture of Hadoop are introduced below. Apache Flume and Sqoop are the two data integration tools that do the task of data Acquisition. Efficient collection of data from different sources and storing them to a centralized store is the main work of Flume and Sqoop. HDFS(Hadoop Distributed File System) runs on commodity hardware that refers to Google File system(GFS).HDFS consists of one Name Node that manages the file system metadataRead MoreEssay on The Main Detonators of Stress1408 Words   |  6 Pagesperiods when levels of stress increase. There are two issues that can cause stress which are personal issues and social issues. In personal problems, the first problems is relating health such as aging or diagnosis of a new disease or even complications from an existing disease can increase stress. Second is in relationships, where arguments with a spouse, parent or child can also increasing the stress level of a person. Even problems among the family members even though we are not directly involvedRead MoreConsumer Awareness On Food Safety2617 Words   |  11 PagesSummary This study identifies that costs of food safety are high in the developed world, and consumer awareness on food safety practices is lacking especially in younger consumers. The explosion of ever increasing fast food chains and poor food eating practices by Consumers, New Zealanders’ increasingly are getting affected by Obesity and diseases such as Diabetes. According to the World Health Organisation, New Zealand has an Obesity rate of 27% (who.int, 2008) and is ranked the 12th most overweightRead MoreCrime Prevention Program: Gun Control in the USA2738 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Mass Shooting in USA Among many ways of prevention from high level incidents such as gun shooting crimes, one of the most important and helpful way is prevention through proper security laws. There is also a great quote that prevention is better than cure. 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Effective Listening Free Essays

In a monthly marketing meeting, the marketing manager wants 5 of his staffs to conduct a research on market share on 5 different areas. Each staff is assigned a territory. The manager rejects, one month later in the same meeting, one of the 5 reports because the research is on the wrong territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we assume the ability of all staffs is the same, then it is obviously a communication breakdown that causes the wrong research was conducted. The consequence of misunderstanding may be costly to a company. Often when a misunderstanding occurs on the job, it is attributed to a lack of communication, which most of time implies that whoever was delivering the message did not do an effective job. But what about the other side, the listener? Listening is important in business because it is the communication skill most often used in human interaction (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.56). Between 45 and 55 percent of people’s communication time will be spent in listening to others (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.6, Werner 1975, p.26). However, listening is not a skill that most people perform well. Studies show that people do not listen effectively. On an average, people listen only at 25% efficiency (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.ix). It is difficult to define listening, but generally it can be defined as † a receiver orientation to the communication process; since communication involves both a source and a receiver, listening consist of the roles receivers play in the communication process† (Floyd 1985, p.9). Listening is a process that includes hearing, attending to, understanding, evaluating and responding to spoken messages. (Floyd 1985, p.9) Our own listening habits have been developed since we were born. Such habits are so well established that we perform them without thinking. But unfortunately, such habits are usually undesirable and lead to poor listening. There are numbers of reasons for ineffective listening. These do not apply equally to all listeners and the degree to which they do apply will vary from different situation, speaker, topic and so forth, They represent common and important reasons for ineffective listening: Rehearsing Your whole attention is designing and preparing â€Å"what to say next†. You look interested, but your minds are miles away because you are thinking about the next comment. Judging Negatively labeling people can be extremely limiting. Everyone has biases, but it leads to ineffective listening. For example you hear a speaker discuss an idea that you don’t like, you might stop paying attention to that speaker says, you might distort the message, and therefore failing to understand it because of prejudgment. As a result, your evaluation of the speaker and /or message could be unfair or in error (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.59). So, A basic rule of effective listening is to that judgements should only be made after you have heard and evaluated the content of the message (Johnson). Identifying You take everything people tell you and refer it back to your own experience. They may want to tell you about a car’s braking system, but that reminds you of your car accident. You launch into your story before they can finish theirs (Johnson). Talking rather than listening We too often love to hear our own voice and feel that our comments and ideas are always right (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.58). You are a great problem solver that you do not have to hear more than a few sentences before you begin searching for the right advice. But, while you are coming up with suggestions, you may have missed what is most important. Sometimes, people argue and debate with others who never feel heard because these people are so quick to disagree. In fact these people’s main focus is on finding things to disagree with. Filtering We usually filter out messages and listen only to those topics and materials that we want to hear. We will stop paying attention to those topics that we do not want to hear, such as messages that criticize us. Then we cannot be corrected, and we cannot take suggestions to change (Johnson). Placation As we have been taught to be nice, pleasant and supportive to others, we seldom criticize others especially when others are telling you things that we want to hear. But too hasty acceptance of messages that tells us what we like and want to hear can lead to serious problems (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We may half-listen just enough to get the drift, but not really involved. Instead, we should be careful to pay attention, to comprehend, and then to analyze and evaluate what speakers say (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60) Distraction A distraction is anything that pulls your attention away from that which you want, or need, to pay attention to (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). It is difficult to avoid distraction. There may be distraction in the environment and within you – day dreaming. When we dream, we pretend to listen but we actually drift about in our interior fantasies. Instead of disciplining ourselves to truly concentrate on the input, we turn the channel to a more entertaining subject. We may have missed some important points while we are dreaming. It is the major reason for ineffective listening. Fear of difficult This block applied when we need to listen and understand new materials or subjects that are new, difficult and challenging to us. In such situation, it is difficult to listen (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We always try to avoid or rationalize these subjects and not to listen. It is mainly due to the fear of failing. People does not like failing and try any methods to avoid it. There are numbers of ways to avoid failure. We stop paying attention to the subject and spend our time to somewhere else. Then we may tell ourselves, we are not fail to understand the topic, but refused to deal with it. Rationalization also helps people to avoid failure (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We usually hold someone else responsible for the consequences of not listening or understanding by saying the material is â€Å"boring†, † stupid†, â€Å"nothing to do with my daily work† and so forth. But as a result, we still do not understand the material. Like any other skill, the first step to improve listening is to understand of what you can do or stop doing in order to get better. The second step is to practice the new skill over and over again to make it as your habit. We have examined the blocks for effective listening. Let us move on to the elements to improve effective listening. There are 2 major elements to improve effective listening, namely comprehension and Analysis/Evaluation. Comprehension means that you are able to understand the speaker (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). There are some basic ways to improve our ability to understand speakers. The first step towards more effective listening comprehension is paying increased attention (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). Attention is your focus to the speaker and his/her material and sustaining the focus. Paying long and well enough attention help you to keep these verbal and nonverbal stimuli into your long-term memory. Then you are able to compare the information with new and old materials. Otherwise, information not stored in long term memory will be lost in a second and you are not able to understand the content because you will bot remember it (Tyson 1982). Everyone can increase attention by realizing its importance, avoid common tendency to day dream, fighting the tendency to give in to external and internal distractions, remove distractions if possible or learn to listen over distraction. We have the ability to listen to and understand speech even when there are severe distraction (Moore 1977, p.239). The second step to improve your ability to understand speaker is to understand the nature of non-verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is any communication expressed not in words but in body motion, paralanguage (how something is said), proxemics (the use of space), artifacts (physical objects), or environment (Knapp 1980, p. 4-11). It serves a variety of functions that to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, or regulate verbal communication (Knapp 1978, p. 38). However, it does not mean nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication. In case nonverbal communication is contradicted to verbal communication, it does not always the case that nonverbal communication is more reliable. The third step towards more effective listening is to increase your ability to comprehend verbal symbols, or message (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63). Although it is the speaker’s responsibility to make himself/herself clear and meaningful, communication is a two way process that listener has the same responsibility to understand speaker’s materials. This task can be accomplished by (1) increasing the quality and quantity of your experience, (2) learning to use context as a mean of increasing your understanding, (3) keeping your bias away, (4) controlling any fear of failure, (5) improve your vocabulary (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63-64), and (6) feedback to confirm your interpretation. The next element that helps to improve effective listening is analysis and evaluation. Once you have attended to and understood the speaker, you are ready to analyze and evaluate the message. Analysis is to examine the message in order to learn what the meanings are. Evaluation is the rendering of judgement on message to decide the value of the message. Both analytical and evaluative functions require you to examine a speaker’s support and reasoning, such as data, conclusion, reasoning process, examples and statistics. Effective listening will benefit as well as those who work with you. It breaks up the barriers between people and can understand each other more. In workplace, effective listening minimize the losses of potential revenues which may result from shipping the wrong products to customers. Or from miscommunication objectives and priorities among staffs. Or even from time lost because of having to re-communicate a second or third time to get things straightened out. To listen effectively, one must be positive, active, prevent affected by blocks we mentioned earlier, paying and sustain enough attention to the speaker, able to analyze after understanding. It is not an easy skill, but it is the most fundamental and powerful skill we need. When someone is willing to stop talking or thinking and begin truly listening to others, all of their interactions become easier, and communication problems are all but eliminated. How to cite Effective Listening, Essay examples Effective Listening Free Essays In a monthly marketing meeting, the marketing manager wants 5 of his staffs to conduct a research on market share on 5 different areas. Each staff is assigned a territory. The manager rejects, one month later in the same meeting, one of the 5 reports because the research is on the wrong territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we assume the ability of all staffs is the same, then it is obviously a communication breakdown that causes the wrong research was conducted. The consequence of misunderstanding may be costly to a company. Often when a misunderstanding occurs on the job, it is attributed to a lack of communication, which most of time implies that whoever was delivering the message did not do an effective job. But what about the other side, the listener? Listening is important in business because it is the communication skill most often used in human interaction (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.56). Between 45 and 55 percent of people’s communication time will be spent in listening to others (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.6, Werner 1975, p.26). However, listening is not a skill that most people perform well. Studies show that people do not listen effectively. On an average, people listen only at 25% efficiency (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.ix). It is difficult to define listening, but generally it can be defined as † a receiver orientation to the communication process; since communication involves both a source and a receiver, listening consist of the roles receivers play in the communication process† (Floyd 1985, p.9). Listening is a process that includes hearing, attending to, understanding, evaluating and responding to spoken messages. (Floyd 1985, p.9) Our own listening habits have been developed since we were born. Such habits are so well established that we perform them without thinking. But unfortunately, such habits are usually undesirable and lead to poor listening. There are numbers of reasons for ineffective listening. These do not apply equally to all listeners and the degree to which they do apply will vary from different situation, speaker, topic and so forth, They represent common and important reasons for ineffective listening: Rehearsing Your whole attention is designing and preparing â€Å"what to say next†. You look interested, but your minds are miles away because you are thinking about the next comment. Judging Negatively labeling people can be extremely limiting. Everyone has biases, but it leads to ineffective listening. For example you hear a speaker discuss an idea that you don’t like, you might stop paying attention to that speaker says, you might distort the message, and therefore failing to understand it because of prejudgment. As a result, your evaluation of the speaker and /or message could be unfair or in error (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.59). So, A basic rule of effective listening is to that judgements should only be made after you have heard and evaluated the content of the message (Johnson). Identifying You take everything people tell you and refer it back to your own experience. They may want to tell you about a car’s braking system, but that reminds you of your car accident. You launch into your story before they can finish theirs (Johnson). Talking rather than listening We too often love to hear our own voice and feel that our comments and ideas are always right (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.58). You are a great problem solver that you do not have to hear more than a few sentences before you begin searching for the right advice. But, while you are coming up with suggestions, you may have missed what is most important. Sometimes, people argue and debate with others who never feel heard because these people are so quick to disagree. In fact these people’s main focus is on finding things to disagree with. Filtering We usually filter out messages and listen only to those topics and materials that we want to hear. We will stop paying attention to those topics that we do not want to hear, such as messages that criticize us. Then we cannot be corrected, and we cannot take suggestions to change (Johnson). Placation As we have been taught to be nice, pleasant and supportive to others, we seldom criticize others especially when others are telling you things that we want to hear. But too hasty acceptance of messages that tells us what we like and want to hear can lead to serious problems (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We may half-listen just enough to get the drift, but not really involved. Instead, we should be careful to pay attention, to comprehend, and then to analyze and evaluate what speakers say (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60) Distraction A distraction is anything that pulls your attention away from that which you want, or need, to pay attention to (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). It is difficult to avoid distraction. There may be distraction in the environment and within you – day dreaming. When we dream, we pretend to listen but we actually drift about in our interior fantasies. Instead of disciplining ourselves to truly concentrate on the input, we turn the channel to a more entertaining subject. We may have missed some important points while we are dreaming. It is the major reason for ineffective listening. Fear of difficult This block applied when we need to listen and understand new materials or subjects that are new, difficult and challenging to us. In such situation, it is difficult to listen (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We always try to avoid or rationalize these subjects and not to listen. It is mainly due to the fear of failing. People does not like failing and try any methods to avoid it. There are numbers of ways to avoid failure. We stop paying attention to the subject and spend our time to somewhere else. Then we may tell ourselves, we are not fail to understand the topic, but refused to deal with it. Rationalization also helps people to avoid failure (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We usually hold someone else responsible for the consequences of not listening or understanding by saying the material is â€Å"boring†, † stupid†, â€Å"nothing to do with my daily work† and so forth. But as a result, we still do not understand the material. Like any other skill, the first step to improve listening is to understand of what you can do or stop doing in order to get better. The second step is to practice the new skill over and over again to make it as your habit. We have examined the blocks for effective listening. Let us move on to the elements to improve effective listening. There are 2 major elements to improve effective listening, namely comprehension and Analysis/Evaluation. Comprehension means that you are able to understand the speaker (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). There are some basic ways to improve our ability to understand speakers. The first step towards more effective listening comprehension is paying increased attention (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). Attention is your focus to the speaker and his/her material and sustaining the focus. Paying long and well enough attention help you to keep these verbal and nonverbal stimuli into your long-term memory. Then you are able to compare the information with new and old materials. Otherwise, information not stored in long term memory will be lost in a second and you are not able to understand the content because you will bot remember it (Tyson 1982). Everyone can increase attention by realizing its importance, avoid common tendency to day dream, fighting the tendency to give in to external and internal distractions, remove distractions if possible or learn to listen over distraction. We have the ability to listen to and understand speech even when there are severe distraction (Moore 1977, p.239). The second step to improve your ability to understand speaker is to understand the nature of non-verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is any communication expressed not in words but in body motion, paralanguage (how something is said), proxemics (the use of space), artifacts (physical objects), or environment (Knapp 1980, p. 4-11). It serves a variety of functions that to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, or regulate verbal communication (Knapp 1978, p. 38). However, it does not mean nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication. In case nonverbal communication is contradicted to verbal communication, it does not always the case that nonverbal communication is more reliable. The third step towards more effective listening is to increase your ability to comprehend verbal symbols, or message (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63). Although it is the speaker’s responsibility to make himself/herself clear and meaningful, communication is a two way process that listener has the same responsibility to understand speaker’s materials. This task can be accomplished by (1) increasing the quality and quantity of your experience, (2) learning to use context as a mean of increasing your understanding, (3) keeping your bias away, (4) controlling any fear of failure, (5) improve your vocabulary (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63-64), and (6) feedback to confirm your interpretation. The next element that helps to improve effective listening is analysis and evaluation. Once you have attended to and understood the speaker, you are ready to analyze and evaluate the message. Analysis is to examine the message in order to learn what the meanings are. Evaluation is the rendering of judgement on message to decide the value of the message. Both analytical and evaluative functions require you to examine a speaker’s support and reasoning, such as data, conclusion, reasoning process, examples and statistics. Effective listening will benefit as well as those who work with you. It breaks up the barriers between people and can understand each other more. In workplace, effective listening minimize the losses of potential revenues which may result from shipping the wrong products to customers. Or from miscommunication objectives and priorities among staffs. Or even from time lost because of having to re-communicate a second or third time to get things straightened out. To listen effectively, one must be positive, active, prevent affected by blocks we mentioned earlier, paying and sustain enough attention to the speaker, able to analyze after understanding. It is not an easy skill, but it is the most fundamental and powerful skill we need. When someone is willing to stop talking or thinking and begin truly listening to others, all of their interactions become easier, and communication problems are all but eliminated. How to cite Effective Listening, Essay examples

Effective Listening Free Essays

In a monthly marketing meeting, the marketing manager wants 5 of his staffs to conduct a research on market share on 5 different areas. Each staff is assigned a territory. The manager rejects, one month later in the same meeting, one of the 5 reports because the research is on the wrong territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we assume the ability of all staffs is the same, then it is obviously a communication breakdown that causes the wrong research was conducted. The consequence of misunderstanding may be costly to a company. Often when a misunderstanding occurs on the job, it is attributed to a lack of communication, which most of time implies that whoever was delivering the message did not do an effective job. But what about the other side, the listener? Listening is important in business because it is the communication skill most often used in human interaction (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.56). Between 45 and 55 percent of people’s communication time will be spent in listening to others (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.6, Werner 1975, p.26). However, listening is not a skill that most people perform well. Studies show that people do not listen effectively. On an average, people listen only at 25% efficiency (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.ix). It is difficult to define listening, but generally it can be defined as † a receiver orientation to the communication process; since communication involves both a source and a receiver, listening consist of the roles receivers play in the communication process† (Floyd 1985, p.9). Listening is a process that includes hearing, attending to, understanding, evaluating and responding to spoken messages. (Floyd 1985, p.9) Our own listening habits have been developed since we were born. Such habits are so well established that we perform them without thinking. But unfortunately, such habits are usually undesirable and lead to poor listening. There are numbers of reasons for ineffective listening. These do not apply equally to all listeners and the degree to which they do apply will vary from different situation, speaker, topic and so forth, They represent common and important reasons for ineffective listening: Rehearsing Your whole attention is designing and preparing â€Å"what to say next†. You look interested, but your minds are miles away because you are thinking about the next comment. Judging Negatively labeling people can be extremely limiting. Everyone has biases, but it leads to ineffective listening. For example you hear a speaker discuss an idea that you don’t like, you might stop paying attention to that speaker says, you might distort the message, and therefore failing to understand it because of prejudgment. As a result, your evaluation of the speaker and /or message could be unfair or in error (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.59). So, A basic rule of effective listening is to that judgements should only be made after you have heard and evaluated the content of the message (Johnson). Identifying You take everything people tell you and refer it back to your own experience. They may want to tell you about a car’s braking system, but that reminds you of your car accident. You launch into your story before they can finish theirs (Johnson). Talking rather than listening We too often love to hear our own voice and feel that our comments and ideas are always right (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.58). You are a great problem solver that you do not have to hear more than a few sentences before you begin searching for the right advice. But, while you are coming up with suggestions, you may have missed what is most important. Sometimes, people argue and debate with others who never feel heard because these people are so quick to disagree. In fact these people’s main focus is on finding things to disagree with. Filtering We usually filter out messages and listen only to those topics and materials that we want to hear. We will stop paying attention to those topics that we do not want to hear, such as messages that criticize us. Then we cannot be corrected, and we cannot take suggestions to change (Johnson). Placation As we have been taught to be nice, pleasant and supportive to others, we seldom criticize others especially when others are telling you things that we want to hear. But too hasty acceptance of messages that tells us what we like and want to hear can lead to serious problems (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We may half-listen just enough to get the drift, but not really involved. Instead, we should be careful to pay attention, to comprehend, and then to analyze and evaluate what speakers say (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60) Distraction A distraction is anything that pulls your attention away from that which you want, or need, to pay attention to (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). It is difficult to avoid distraction. There may be distraction in the environment and within you – day dreaming. When we dream, we pretend to listen but we actually drift about in our interior fantasies. Instead of disciplining ourselves to truly concentrate on the input, we turn the channel to a more entertaining subject. We may have missed some important points while we are dreaming. It is the major reason for ineffective listening. Fear of difficult This block applied when we need to listen and understand new materials or subjects that are new, difficult and challenging to us. In such situation, it is difficult to listen (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We always try to avoid or rationalize these subjects and not to listen. It is mainly due to the fear of failing. People does not like failing and try any methods to avoid it. There are numbers of ways to avoid failure. We stop paying attention to the subject and spend our time to somewhere else. Then we may tell ourselves, we are not fail to understand the topic, but refused to deal with it. Rationalization also helps people to avoid failure (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We usually hold someone else responsible for the consequences of not listening or understanding by saying the material is â€Å"boring†, † stupid†, â€Å"nothing to do with my daily work† and so forth. But as a result, we still do not understand the material. Like any other skill, the first step to improve listening is to understand of what you can do or stop doing in order to get better. The second step is to practice the new skill over and over again to make it as your habit. We have examined the blocks for effective listening. Let us move on to the elements to improve effective listening. There are 2 major elements to improve effective listening, namely comprehension and Analysis/Evaluation. Comprehension means that you are able to understand the speaker (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). There are some basic ways to improve our ability to understand speakers. The first step towards more effective listening comprehension is paying increased attention (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). Attention is your focus to the speaker and his/her material and sustaining the focus. Paying long and well enough attention help you to keep these verbal and nonverbal stimuli into your long-term memory. Then you are able to compare the information with new and old materials. Otherwise, information not stored in long term memory will be lost in a second and you are not able to understand the content because you will bot remember it (Tyson 1982). Everyone can increase attention by realizing its importance, avoid common tendency to day dream, fighting the tendency to give in to external and internal distractions, remove distractions if possible or learn to listen over distraction. We have the ability to listen to and understand speech even when there are severe distraction (Moore 1977, p.239). The second step to improve your ability to understand speaker is to understand the nature of non-verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is any communication expressed not in words but in body motion, paralanguage (how something is said), proxemics (the use of space), artifacts (physical objects), or environment (Knapp 1980, p. 4-11). It serves a variety of functions that to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, or regulate verbal communication (Knapp 1978, p. 38). However, it does not mean nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication. In case nonverbal communication is contradicted to verbal communication, it does not always the case that nonverbal communication is more reliable. The third step towards more effective listening is to increase your ability to comprehend verbal symbols, or message (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63). Although it is the speaker’s responsibility to make himself/herself clear and meaningful, communication is a two way process that listener has the same responsibility to understand speaker’s materials. This task can be accomplished by (1) increasing the quality and quantity of your experience, (2) learning to use context as a mean of increasing your understanding, (3) keeping your bias away, (4) controlling any fear of failure, (5) improve your vocabulary (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63-64), and (6) feedback to confirm your interpretation. The next element that helps to improve effective listening is analysis and evaluation. Once you have attended to and understood the speaker, you are ready to analyze and evaluate the message. Analysis is to examine the message in order to learn what the meanings are. Evaluation is the rendering of judgement on message to decide the value of the message. Both analytical and evaluative functions require you to examine a speaker’s support and reasoning, such as data, conclusion, reasoning process, examples and statistics. Effective listening will benefit as well as those who work with you. It breaks up the barriers between people and can understand each other more. In workplace, effective listening minimize the losses of potential revenues which may result from shipping the wrong products to customers. Or from miscommunication objectives and priorities among staffs. Or even from time lost because of having to re-communicate a second or third time to get things straightened out. To listen effectively, one must be positive, active, prevent affected by blocks we mentioned earlier, paying and sustain enough attention to the speaker, able to analyze after understanding. It is not an easy skill, but it is the most fundamental and powerful skill we need. When someone is willing to stop talking or thinking and begin truly listening to others, all of their interactions become easier, and communication problems are all but eliminated. How to cite Effective Listening, Essay examples Effective Listening Free Essays In a monthly marketing meeting, the marketing manager wants 5 of his staffs to conduct a research on market share on 5 different areas. Each staff is assigned a territory. The manager rejects, one month later in the same meeting, one of the 5 reports because the research is on the wrong territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we assume the ability of all staffs is the same, then it is obviously a communication breakdown that causes the wrong research was conducted. The consequence of misunderstanding may be costly to a company. Often when a misunderstanding occurs on the job, it is attributed to a lack of communication, which most of time implies that whoever was delivering the message did not do an effective job. But what about the other side, the listener? Listening is important in business because it is the communication skill most often used in human interaction (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.56). Between 45 and 55 percent of people’s communication time will be spent in listening to others (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.6, Werner 1975, p.26). However, listening is not a skill that most people perform well. Studies show that people do not listen effectively. On an average, people listen only at 25% efficiency (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.ix). It is difficult to define listening, but generally it can be defined as † a receiver orientation to the communication process; since communication involves both a source and a receiver, listening consist of the roles receivers play in the communication process† (Floyd 1985, p.9). Listening is a process that includes hearing, attending to, understanding, evaluating and responding to spoken messages. (Floyd 1985, p.9) Our own listening habits have been developed since we were born. Such habits are so well established that we perform them without thinking. But unfortunately, such habits are usually undesirable and lead to poor listening. There are numbers of reasons for ineffective listening. These do not apply equally to all listeners and the degree to which they do apply will vary from different situation, speaker, topic and so forth, They represent common and important reasons for ineffective listening: Rehearsing Your whole attention is designing and preparing â€Å"what to say next†. You look interested, but your minds are miles away because you are thinking about the next comment. Judging Negatively labeling people can be extremely limiting. Everyone has biases, but it leads to ineffective listening. For example you hear a speaker discuss an idea that you don’t like, you might stop paying attention to that speaker says, you might distort the message, and therefore failing to understand it because of prejudgment. As a result, your evaluation of the speaker and /or message could be unfair or in error (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.59). So, A basic rule of effective listening is to that judgements should only be made after you have heard and evaluated the content of the message (Johnson). Identifying You take everything people tell you and refer it back to your own experience. They may want to tell you about a car’s braking system, but that reminds you of your car accident. You launch into your story before they can finish theirs (Johnson). Talking rather than listening We too often love to hear our own voice and feel that our comments and ideas are always right (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.58). You are a great problem solver that you do not have to hear more than a few sentences before you begin searching for the right advice. But, while you are coming up with suggestions, you may have missed what is most important. Sometimes, people argue and debate with others who never feel heard because these people are so quick to disagree. In fact these people’s main focus is on finding things to disagree with. Filtering We usually filter out messages and listen only to those topics and materials that we want to hear. We will stop paying attention to those topics that we do not want to hear, such as messages that criticize us. Then we cannot be corrected, and we cannot take suggestions to change (Johnson). Placation As we have been taught to be nice, pleasant and supportive to others, we seldom criticize others especially when others are telling you things that we want to hear. But too hasty acceptance of messages that tells us what we like and want to hear can lead to serious problems (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We may half-listen just enough to get the drift, but not really involved. Instead, we should be careful to pay attention, to comprehend, and then to analyze and evaluate what speakers say (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60) Distraction A distraction is anything that pulls your attention away from that which you want, or need, to pay attention to (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). It is difficult to avoid distraction. There may be distraction in the environment and within you – day dreaming. When we dream, we pretend to listen but we actually drift about in our interior fantasies. Instead of disciplining ourselves to truly concentrate on the input, we turn the channel to a more entertaining subject. We may have missed some important points while we are dreaming. It is the major reason for ineffective listening. Fear of difficult This block applied when we need to listen and understand new materials or subjects that are new, difficult and challenging to us. In such situation, it is difficult to listen (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We always try to avoid or rationalize these subjects and not to listen. It is mainly due to the fear of failing. People does not like failing and try any methods to avoid it. There are numbers of ways to avoid failure. We stop paying attention to the subject and spend our time to somewhere else. Then we may tell ourselves, we are not fail to understand the topic, but refused to deal with it. Rationalization also helps people to avoid failure (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We usually hold someone else responsible for the consequences of not listening or understanding by saying the material is â€Å"boring†, † stupid†, â€Å"nothing to do with my daily work† and so forth. But as a result, we still do not understand the material. Like any other skill, the first step to improve listening is to understand of what you can do or stop doing in order to get better. The second step is to practice the new skill over and over again to make it as your habit. We have examined the blocks for effective listening. Let us move on to the elements to improve effective listening. There are 2 major elements to improve effective listening, namely comprehension and Analysis/Evaluation. Comprehension means that you are able to understand the speaker (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). There are some basic ways to improve our ability to understand speakers. The first step towards more effective listening comprehension is paying increased attention (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). Attention is your focus to the speaker and his/her material and sustaining the focus. Paying long and well enough attention help you to keep these verbal and nonverbal stimuli into your long-term memory. Then you are able to compare the information with new and old materials. Otherwise, information not stored in long term memory will be lost in a second and you are not able to understand the content because you will bot remember it (Tyson 1982). Everyone can increase attention by realizing its importance, avoid common tendency to day dream, fighting the tendency to give in to external and internal distractions, remove distractions if possible or learn to listen over distraction. We have the ability to listen to and understand speech even when there are severe distraction (Moore 1977, p.239). The second step to improve your ability to understand speaker is to understand the nature of non-verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is any communication expressed not in words but in body motion, paralanguage (how something is said), proxemics (the use of space), artifacts (physical objects), or environment (Knapp 1980, p. 4-11). It serves a variety of functions that to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, or regulate verbal communication (Knapp 1978, p. 38). However, it does not mean nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication. In case nonverbal communication is contradicted to verbal communication, it does not always the case that nonverbal communication is more reliable. The third step towards more effective listening is to increase your ability to comprehend verbal symbols, or message (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63). Although it is the speaker’s responsibility to make himself/herself clear and meaningful, communication is a two way process that listener has the same responsibility to understand speaker’s materials. This task can be accomplished by (1) increasing the quality and quantity of your experience, (2) learning to use context as a mean of increasing your understanding, (3) keeping your bias away, (4) controlling any fear of failure, (5) improve your vocabulary (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63-64), and (6) feedback to confirm your interpretation. The next element that helps to improve effective listening is analysis and evaluation. Once you have attended to and understood the speaker, you are ready to analyze and evaluate the message. Analysis is to examine the message in order to learn what the meanings are. Evaluation is the rendering of judgement on message to decide the value of the message. Both analytical and evaluative functions require you to examine a speaker’s support and reasoning, such as data, conclusion, reasoning process, examples and statistics. Effective listening will benefit as well as those who work with you. It breaks up the barriers between people and can understand each other more. In workplace, effective listening minimize the losses of potential revenues which may result from shipping the wrong products to customers. Or from miscommunication objectives and priorities among staffs. Or even from time lost because of having to re-communicate a second or third time to get things straightened out. To listen effectively, one must be positive, active, prevent affected by blocks we mentioned earlier, paying and sustain enough attention to the speaker, able to analyze after understanding. It is not an easy skill, but it is the most fundamental and powerful skill we need. When someone is willing to stop talking or thinking and begin truly listening to others, all of their interactions become easier, and communication problems are all but eliminated. How to cite Effective Listening, Essay examples

US Construction Law

Questions: 1. What specific types of claims does WAR have against us and why?2. What specific factual and legal arguments does WAR have? Be specific and in detail?3. What else should we require from WAR to substantiate its claims for lost productivity?4. Do we have a claim(s) against the Owner or ArchitectPlus to recover some or all the costs we may have to pay to WAR? If so, what specific types of claims do we have? Answers: 1. Because of the lapses in the conduit design specifications, WAR faced problems in completing the work on time and within the allocated budget. WAR has claimed that it incurred extra costs because of these non-specifications. It had to trace and measure the requirements on its own, then it had to cut into the insulation system. Keith has expressed this concern (437). WAR claimed that rigidness of the conduit on the concrete roof deck did not permit its technical crew to install tapered insulation. To complete this work, WAR had to employ extra manpower, material and working expenses which were not covered in the original contract. When it had signed the contract document, WAR had planned to work with one crew, who would move from one building to other, as and when they were completed and handed over to them. Keith has expressed this concern (437). 2. WAR is right in asserting that the original contract documents were not specific about the conduit laying. There was lack of detailed information in the drawings prepared by ArchitectPlus. There were no specific details about the actual placement of the rigid conduit electrical runs, their size and quantity. Although the contract documents specify that WAR should verify the actual conditions at the site before bidding, there is no indication that it also covers the lapses which occur in the drawings prepared by ArchitectPlus, which was engaged by DesignKing and WAR was not responsible to coordinate with or report to ArchitectPlus. Legally also, Bailey has expressed this concern (225) that WAR took precautions of notifying the lapses in the rigid conduit after it inspected Building-1, which was completed before WAR signed the contract with DesignKing. 3. As per Paragraph 2 of the subcontract between DesignKing and WAR, it is clearly stated that the subcontractor has examined the site to its full satisfaction and has made itself familiar with the construction layouts. Paragraph 3 further clarifies the probabilities of any lapses which may occur because of an oversight in the preparation of the contact documents concerning working conditions, design notifications and construction misappropriations. Paragraph 3 (a) clearly specifies that subcontractor must report, within 15 days of finding such lapses, to DesignKing and the work should be stopped forthwith until an inspection and clearance has been obtained from the Project Manager, the Architect and Owners On-site representative. Kelleher, Mastin and Robey have expressed this concern (234) that WAR did not comply with this after finding the fault in Building-1 and even after reporting the matter to DesignKing and went ahead with rectification of the fault on its own. 4. Although the main contract was signed between DesignKing and the Owner and ArchitectPlus was engaged by DesignKing and WAR was also engaged by DesignKing as the subcontractor, all these were parties to the project and were interlink through the main contract document and the subcontract document which made it a part of the main contract document. From the records it is clear that the major lapse was committed by ArchitectPlus by not incorporating the detailed fixing locations of the rigid conduit electrical runs. The owner cannot become a party to any losses incurred by DesignKing because of any faults committed by the subcontractors which have been engaged by DesignKing. But DesignKing is within its legal rights to claim the loss from ArchitectPlus and ArchitectPlus is morally responsible and legally bonded to fulfil and/or share the loss. Gibbs and Hunt have expressed this concern (489). List Of References Bailey, Julian. Construction Law. Oxon: CRC Press, 2014. Print. Gibbs, Kenneth. C and Hunt, Gordon. California Construction Law, 13th ed. New York: Aspen Publishers, 2010. Print. Kelleher, Thomas J, Mastin, John M and Robey, Ronald G. A Practical Guide for the Construction Professional, 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2014. Print. Pickvance, Keith. Construction Law and Management. Oxon: CRC Press, 2013. Print.

Presenting Symptoms after Hard Knock Baehind Knee

Question: Discuss about the Presenting Symptoms after Hard Knock Baehind Knee. Answer: A person can get injury at any phase of life. Human body is very sensitive to the injury. Injuries on leg behind the knees can happen during walking, sitting or getting slipped because of unnecessary friction. The area behind the knee is called popliteal fossa. This area is very sensitive to pain. Injury in this place may cause weakness, tingling, pain and numbness in lower leg. According to Peterson and Renstrom (2016) leg injury can happen during paying or performing certain activity. A hard knock on the leg behind the knee area can happen due to playing outdoor games like football, rugby and cricket. Sometimes extra fluid deposited behind the knee which is called inflammation. Inflammation is very painful and the person feels complication in moving the leg. The knocks may result either less or serious injuries. The primary presenting symptoms of the knocking can be the result of swelling, tearing of ligaments in the region of knocks. The swelling may be the result of fractures o s everal damage. The symptoms can result serious problems in future. Therefore the injuries should be treated as early as possible. Swelling is a condition, in which the blood is released from vessels in the injured area. It gets accumulated near the wounded part of body. Swelling can develop generally within first few hours of injury. The swelling develops with time and the pain also increases gradually. The swollen is noticeable easily and need appropriate medication. Swelling cause serious problems i8n the body and may last for long period if not treated properly. The second reason of knock on the area behind the knee is wearing and tearing of ligament placed on that particular area of leg. Ligaments are made of soft tissues. If the ligament is tore then it can take a long period of time for example, few months to heal. However, Sampson (2016) mentioned that ligaments help to keep the joints flexible. The injured person feels much pain if the ligament is tore. The damage of ligaments or swollen is the key symptom of fracture, which is very painful. Fracture refers to the breakdown of hard bones or tissue of bo dy. Fracture takes fifteen days to few months to be healed completely. The injured feel huge pain whenever the person moves the knee (Evans and Ratchford 2016). Sprains may occur and cause of fatigue to the area behind the knee of leg. Basic medical treatment is much necessary to get relief from pain. Therefore, swollen or tearing of ligament is known as the basic symptom of knock behind the knee. The person needs to consult with medical professionals for immediate treatment to avoid the major injury. Acute injury healing starts with acute vascular inflammatory response (Shahi et al. 2015). The aim of vascular changes is to develop the blood flow to the regional area, transport cell and mobilize to the region to begin healing. The injured cells are separated and the body starts to make new collagen in the place of injury. References Evans, N.S. and Ratchford, E.V., 2016. The swollen leg.Vascular Medicine, p.1358863X16672576. Peterson, L. and Renstrom, P.A., 2016.Sports Injuries: Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation. CRC Press. Sampson, B.A., 2016. Patient Outcomes Following Hip and Knee Joint Replacement Surgery: Role of the Social and Physical Environment in Recovery. Shahi, A., Saleh, U.H., Tan, T.L., Elfekky, M. and Tarabichi, S., 2015. A Unique Pattern of Peri-Prosthetic Fracture Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Insufficiency Fracture.The Journal of arthroplasty,30(6), pp.1054-1057.