Kingfisher

Visa Malay inducted professional management and implement different methods and theories to develop the company to globalize the company. Since then Kingfisher has gone on to become the undisputed ‘king' in the Indian beer market. Kingfisher today has impressive spread of manufacturing facilities throughout the whole country. Quality and hygiene are the key elements for its marketing philosophy success. Its flagship brand ‘Kingfisher', has achieved international recognition consistently, and has won many awards in International Beer Festivals. KingfisherPremium Lager beer is currently available in 52 countries and leads the way amongst Indian beers in the International market. It has been ranked amongst the top 10 fastest growing brands in the I-J. Today each one of the 32,000 Beer outlets in India sells one brand or the other from United Breweries. United Breweries limited has a 48% share in the Indian beer market. S. W. O. T (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Thre ats) Analysis A SOOT analysis is a structured approach to evaluating the strategic position of a business by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.It provides a simple method of synthesizing the results of the marketing audit. Strength Kingfisher is a true global Indian icon and is also known today as a premium worldwide brand. It has the strongest worldwide distribution system and is available in 52 countries worldwide. It is a worldwide known brand with sponsorship in Formulae, Indian Premier League and title sponsors of England and Wales Cricket Board's National Championship knock out competition due to this it has excellent brand visibility. It also has huge financial backing from PUB Group. WeaknessKingfisher usually focuses on strong beer market as it is mostly favored in India but not in other countries and thus market growth is slow. Due to the current high demand and worldwide distribution system many opportunities are lost as there is less availa bility. Opportunity Due to the current trend of beer among the young people Kingfisher has a lot of benefit by global market expansion. The changing culture and lifestyle of Indian people has also increased the beer consumption. Threats The alcohol industry is highly taxed and has certain regulations thus has a lot of impact on Kingfisher.Advertising for alcohol has been banned in India as it is considered to be a taboo. Negative perceptions about alcoholic beverages are widely common. Kingfisher faces huge competition from international companies like Heinlein, Scrabbles and Budweiser. P. E. S. T. L. E Analysts 2 PESTLE stands for political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental. PESTLE analysis is a process, to help understand the overall market environment for a particular industry, business, product, or project. It is often a key part of strategic marketing and business planning.PESTLE allows an organization to go in depth into heir current status and weakness es. Political factors:- Minimum drinking age The minimum drinking age in India is 21 years whereas in European countries is 18 thus minimum drinking age affects the alcohol business in an important way. People below the permitted age cannot consume alcohol even if they want to. Kingfisher beer is adversely affected in terms of sales. Banned advertisements India is a youth country thus advertising of alcohol products has been a subject of continuous debate between the government, the alcohol industry, health groups, policy makers and the public.Advertising in alcohol industry is done for brand choice and also it is a fair tool but banning advertising reduces market entry of new firms and thus also reduces awareness among the consumers about the product. Economic factors:- Taxation and Policies India has a very large youth population and strong beer is mostly favored but still growth of beer has some restrictions and complications which are in the form of taxes and policies implemente d by the state governments.Taxes and policies are different from state to state and some states do not allow alcoholic products brewed and manufactured from other states. The highest taxes are mostly levied by northern states such as Attar Pradesh, Punjab, Maharajah's and Delhi. All of this has a great impact on the sales of United Breweries and other brands but there are also many obstacles such as the government has banned the advertisements of any sorts for alcoholic products. Economic growth and per capita income With more than 60% of Indians younger than age 25 consumption of alcohol is likely to increase in the coming years.Due to continuous growth rate and growing economy people are getting richer day by day and also are their preferences as more people re drinking beers and spirits which is a very good sign for the growing alcohol industry. With the growing middle class and modern retail formats, taxation policies adopted by the state governments will act in favor of the gro wing beer industry in the coming future which will help united breweries and other brands in achieving their desired goals. Socio-cultural factors:- Cultural restriction India is a country with many religions and some of the religions prohibit drinking alcohol.This has a huge impact on the sales of alcohol brands. Violence through alcohol There is strong association between violence and drinking. Violent behavior is occurred in all communities it is caused mainly due to over consumption of alcohol. Alcohol abuse and violence is caused mainly due to poor parental modeling and mental stress. Drunken driving cases are some of the main causes of highway accidents. But through proper social norms and public education, violence and alcohol abuse can be tackled. Individual factors also play a very important role.Population India is the second largest country in terms of population and PUB group has a unique rand name thus people tend to consume their products. PUB group has a 48% share in the beer market that's why it is known as the king of beer market in India. Technological factors:- Scientific studies In a recent scientific research it has been confirmed that people who drink moderately have a lower risk of premature death as compared to people who do not drink at all. Consumption of alcohol moderately leads to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and obesity whereas people who drink in excess have a negative impact on their health. Distillery effluent treatment Compared to western countries where concentration of spent wash and its usage as an animal additive is a common practice, this process is not followed in India because Indian spent wash contains a higher level of inorganic substances which are found to produce a laxative effect if the consumption of feed is not monitored. Environmental factors:- Pollution A lot of water pollution is caused when the beer is made, the manufacturing of beer consists of three processes namely preparation of malt, beer wo rth and fermentation.These processes involve a lot of rinsing and cleaning as beer is made of barley and alt is prepared from it for brewing. The wastewater contains a lot of solids, detergents, soluble and insoluble organic materials. The wastewater is almost three times more concentrated than sewage but there are no toxic contaminants and most of the water is biodegradable. To meet the quality of discharge standards anaerobic biological treatment is done so that the organic concentration of wastewater is reduced.Legal environment:- Age factor In most European countries the age of drinking is 18 but in India where people are allowed to vote at this age are not permitted to drink. In India the alcohol consumption is allowed after 21 years but in some states it is 25. Despite the number of people who are below the ages of 25 years the beer industry has a huge potential if the current drinking age is lowered. Alcohol is considered a taboo in India as the culture and traditions are dif ferent than that of western countries. 5 Market Analysis:- The beer industry is still growing in India and it is estimated to be over 30 billion (in rupees).Overall annual consumption of beer is around 23000 million elites (fugues of 2011) the beer industry is growing at a yearly rate of 7% to 9%. The major players of beer industry are Gabrielle and United Breweries. The beer industry is likely to face more competition from foreign brands such as Scrabbles, Heinlein, Budweiser and Corona. Beer markets like USA and Europe have seen a flat growth whereas consumption in the Indian market has increased tremendously. In India beer sales have seen a rapid increase as compared to other alcoholic drinks.International beer companies like Budweiser, Scrabbles and Heinlein are well established in western countries but are still facing tough competition from Kingfisher which is the king in he beer industry of India with a 48% share. With more than 80% of market controlled by united breweries an d Gabrielle, foreign brands are yet to find their feet on the ground. Kingfisher posted a profit before tax of RSI. 1475 million in the first quarter of this year ending on 30th June 2012. Strong beer continued to dominate with a growth of 23% in sales volume.Intensity of rivalry The intensity of rivalry competitors is quite moderate as in case there is quite a rise in regulatory and legal burdens, manufacturers get together so that competition between them is lowered as they have to ensure their profit. Threat of new competitors The Indian beer industry is currently growing thus it is attractive for new players but with the dominant force of United breweries and Gabrielle already established it has been very difficult for foreign brewers to expand and overthrow Kingfisher which is currently leading in beer consumption.Threat of substitute Brands like Kingfisher face further competition from substitutes like wine, vodka and whiskey, which are mostly favored in India as beer industry is still developing, it still has to get a bigger consumer base which spirits do have but due to the changing rend and growing Indian youth population beer industry best is yet to come.Suppliers bargaining power Barley which is the most important product for brewing is quite cheaper and available in plenty and other inputs used to brew are also cheaper as there is a huge number of suppliers thus suppliers have less bargaining power. 6 Customers bargaining power It has been seen that customers are more powerful when their purchases form a large portion of seller's sales but if there are less number of players in the market people don't look at the quality but the product and thus they have less control over rice.Classification of beer Lager Ale Stout Creamy Ale Malt Plainer Porter Age Kingfisher mild For young people Just for fun People who drink for the first time mainly for experience Kingfisher strong People who drink regularly Those who want beer to be stronger mostly favored by people 25 and above ‘THE KING OF GOOD TIMES' As the punch line suggests Kingfisher has positioned its brand for people who want to socialize, party or have fun. 7 Customer Analysis:- The beer industry in India has a wide consumer base and people rink alcoholic beverages mostly for celebrating an event or socializing.Unlike western countries people in India are allowed to consume alcohol after the age of 21 in most states and spirits are given more preference. United breweries have a strong base in spirit and beer industries. Kingfisher is at the top of the list in consumption of beer. Consumer behavior India is a developing country with a large population of middle-class people thus people tend to consume beer occasionally. Whiskey, vodka and wine were given more preference but the beer industry is yet to reach its potential and is growing at a very cast rate.Products like Kingfisher and Harvard's 5000 have shown excellent progress so far as they are already established in th e beer industry. International brands like Budweiser, Heinlein and Scrabbles are still struggling to establish their brand among the people as they are expensive than Kingfisher and Harvard's products, this is mainly due to taxes and regulations by the state governments which usually are hard on alcoholic companies. In a recent survey it was shown that one in three beers drunk in India were of Kingfisher's. Consumers always prefer the cheapest product ND good value which Kingfisher effectively delivers.Recommendations:- Kingfisher is famous for its marketing and sponsorships in major sporting events and spends a lot of money on it per year. It should concentrate on innovation and development of new products which will help it increase its brand value in other western countries where there is even a larger market for its product and there are no restrictions on advertising. Retailing its beers with more number of large departmental stores. Advertising its brand ‘Kingfisher' by entering into different industries like water, soda of which advertising is allowed. This will lead to more brand awareness.Developing innovative and new packaging for its beer. It should concentrate on innovation of a new product which has elements of a spirit and a beer. 8 Conclusion:- Kingfisher has a huge potential of expanding the beer market in India as the per capita income of the people is rising and so is the consumption. Kingfisher also has a kind of monopoly over other brands as it is already well established and sells its product at a cheaper rate than the new competitors entering the Indian beer industry. The negative perceptions about alcohol consumption have gone down and he beer industry will definitely show a lot of growth in the coming years.

Tuttle Matt

The analysis regarding this case has led us Into Identifying the critical Issues of Tuttle Matt as, ; How to sustain the consistent business How to expand their brand reputation How to build comparative advantages Exhibit 1 : SOOT Analysts Internal External Strengths (ability to†¦ ) good location (near King Street and Spading Avenue) Open-concept kitchen High quality of ingredients and own secret recipes Weaknesses (inability to†¦ Inadequate financial investment Not much entrepreneurial experience Opportunities No restaurants were regionally focused In Tuscan style 0% returning rate of customers for dinner Exploit: Sustain and provide high quality of food Develop: Create a new customer base with aid from others working in the industry. ; Create more awareness towards the new menu they have designed.Threats Strong competitors: Alice Bazooka and Terrine CARS debarkation's: Attract new customers Keep the kitchen clean Address/Avoid: currently have the cash flow. Exhibit 2: Por ter's Five Forces Bargaining Power of Buyers: Mid level of power Customers are not very brand loyal, which means they will be resistant to try out new and unfamiliar gaming options ; Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Low level of power doesn't rely on suppliers in producing their product.Industry Rivalry: High level of power Over 200 competitors within industry Potential Competitors: Low barrier to entry for catering industry (relatively easy to start-up and no government restrictions ) ; Relatively low brand loyalty for 50% of the new competitors fails in the first two years Substitutes: ; Many substitutes for will increase competition within industry ; On the other hand, the industry is currently lacking of Tuscan style restaurants, which makes unique.

Truman Doctrine

Truman Doctrine Ryan Hauppa A. Plan of Investigation The following questions will be investigated: What were the events and decisions that led to the development of the Truman Doctrine? What was its effect on US Foreign Policy and its impact on Greece, Turkey and Europe? Research will be conducted concerning the Post World War II Treaties as Potsdam, Soviet Union aggression, and the Greek and Turkey Crisis. These events prompted the development of the Truman Doctrine – the US foreign policy to contain the spread of Communism. Truman’s 1947 Address that introduced the doctrine to the world, his own personal thoughts, and the support and criticism of the policy will be examined. The doctrine will be analyzed as to how it shaped future American policies and programs as the Marshall Plan and led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War over forty years later. (Word Count -143) B. Summary of Evidence World War II devastated Europe. Millions of people died. Many of those remaining were starving and in need of food and shelter since the farms and cities of many countries were destroyed. Billions of dollars were spent. Countries were nearly bankrupt. Europe was in economic, social, and political devastation. After the surrender of Germany in 1945, the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met first at Yalta and later at Potsdam in Germany. They met to resolve war reparations and boundaries of Germany. As part of the agreements, Germany was divided into East and West. The Eastern portion was controlled by the Soviet Union and the West by the United States, United Kingdom, and France. Berlin, the capital, which is inside Eastern Germany, was also divided by the four countries. Pemberton 50) In 1945 and 1946, Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, had been taking over new countries including Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia by establishing governments favorable to him. (CNN Cold War Appendix Maps) The Soviet Union focused next on Greece and Turkey. In February of 1947, Great Britain informed the United States in a â€Å"State Department Telegr am† that that they could no longer provide financial aid to the governments of Greece and Turkey since they did not have the money and resources. Both governments were being threatened by Communist insurgents. (Truman Library Telegram 1) Truman pledged that â€Å"it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures† in a â€Å"Address of the President of the United States† in March of 1947. (Truman Address 1) The economic aid program was costly amounting to total of more than $400 million for the two countries to aid the pro-democracy governments and oppose the Communists. The policy was later called the Truman Doctrine. Congress was divided over the program. Democrats wanted to give diplomacy and the newly formed United Nations a chance while Republicans were isolationist and concerned that the program was too costly. Despite a divided Congress, the program was adopted since both eventually were more concerned over the spread of Communism in the region. The Cold War confrontation had begun. The United States and its principles of freedom, capitalism, and democracy were fighting philosophically and economically against Communism and the Soviet Union. Donovan 286) Truman and George Marshall, his Secretary of State, then prepared for even greater aid for the rest of Europe. Their objective was to rebuild Western Europe and prevent a Communism take over of the remaining free nations. The policy was called the Marshall Plan, the European Economic Recovery Program. Over $13 billion in aid was provided in 1947. (Truman Memoirs 111) The Cold War was expanded. Stalin tried to disrupt the United States and it s allies in 1948 and 1949 by shutting down access to Berlin. Truman responded by airlifting supplies into the city until access as again. (Pemberton 102) Afterward, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 to defend Western Europe militarily against a Soviet invasion as response by the United States in the Cold War. The Soviet Union in turn allied the Eastern European nations under the Warsaw Pact. (Pemberton 104) The Berlin Wall, the symbol of the Cold War, was built in 1961 and later torn down in 1989 after many years of conflict. The Soviet Union ultimately collapsed in 1991. (Word Count – 567) C. Evaluation of Sources The most important source in investigating the topic of the Truman Doctrine is President Truman’s Memoirs. The actual 1947 â€Å"Presidential Address Recommending for Assistance to Greece and Turkey† and critical government documents as the â€Å"State Department Telegrams for Greece, Turkey and the USSR are included. Truman gives his own personal viewpoints of what happened while he was President. The researcher can obtain a clear view from the president himself. From his writings, you can tell that Truman was a hard working, â€Å"tell it like it is† man. When he made a decision, he stuck with it and moved on. The decision to proceed with the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was difficult and not very popular, but Truman did it because he thought it was the right thing to do. The limitation of the source is that it was written by Truman and may make him look too favorable. The other source most used was the book written by Robert Donovan, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis. Mr. Donovan was a journalist at the White House during the Truman presidency. He provided critical firsthand insights into the actual events through his notes and research from the actual participants. His research into the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was more thorough and comprehensive than most of the other sources used that were cited in the research paper. Mr. Donovan provides an excellent historical perspective of the pros and cons of Truman’s and his staff’s decisions. The limitation of the source is that the book was written in 1977 so it does not include the perspective after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Soviet Union and Communism in Europe. Word Count – 285) D. Analysis Truman in his Memoirs describes his 1947 Address as follows: â€Å"This was, I believe, the turning point in America’s foreign policy, which now declared that wherever aggression, direct or indirect, threatened by peace, the security of the United States was involved†¦After I delivered the speech the world reaction proved that t his approach had been the right one†. Truman went on further to describe in other addresses â€Å"the alternate ways of life†¦ One way is based on the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion and freedom from political oppression†¦The second way of life is based upon the will of the minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections and the suppression of personal freedoms†. (106) Truman believes that the United States and its democratic way of life is better then the Soviet Union and its evil oppressive way of life. He wanted to make sure that the world understood his commitment by his strong language. The Communists should not quickly take over free countries and threaten the United States and its allies. His own divided Congress should beware of the past policies of isolationism and the hope that diplomacy and the United Nations could solve the crisis. The Soviet Union already had taken over the Eastern European countries in violation of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements. The Greece and Turkey crisis was critical to victory in the Cold War. If either Greece or Turkey fell to the Soviet Union, the other would follow. More nations would tumble â€Å"as a row of falling dominoes† extending Soviet domination to Europe, the Middle East oil fields, and Africa. (Hamby 391) (CNN Cold War Appendix Maps) Communism could have spread very quickly worldwide, but it did not. The Truman Doctrine is the epitome of the containment of Communism. (Donovan 284) Greece, Turkey, Europe, and even Russia, the former Soviet Union, are currently free and democratic nations. Europe was in economic, political, and social devastation after World War II. Winston Churchill once declared, â€Å"What is Europe now? It is a rubble-heap, a charnel house, a breeding ground of pestilence and hate. † It was the perfect time for the Soviet Union to support Communism. (Goldman 66) At over $13 billion, it was aid on a much greater scale. The Truman Doctrine prompted the Marshall Plan. Truman in his Memoirs claimed that the plan was developed to do the following: (1) Counter increasing pressure of Communist imperialism, and (2) Rebuild Europe. By rebuilding Europe, America would help to establish that healthy economic balance which is essential to the peace of the world. 111) Rebuilding Europe was not only a national security issue but also a national economic issue. At the end of World War II, the United States was a major exporter. (Donovan 287) Without a strong Europe, the United States would likely have had a poor economy for many years because of lack of trade with Europe. Instead, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan led to over fifty years of prosperity for Europe and the United States and the end of the Cold War. (Word Count – 534) E. Conclusion With the Truman Doctrine, the United States entered a new era of foreign policy. Great Britain, France, and Germany were no longer the colonial powers. The United States was the most powerful free nation in the world. The balance of power changed. Over the next forty years, the United States and the Soviet Union fought a Cold War for a way of life. The United States spent trillions of dollars, but the spread of Communism in Europe was contained. The result would have never have occurred had it not been for Truman’s bold move in Greece and Turkey. The cost was great, but the cost would have been greater if United States lost. Europe could have turned Communist. Instead, the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union collapsed. Russia has enacted democratic reforms and a capitalist economy, which is ultimate proof of the success of the Truman Doctrine. (Word Count – 148) F. List of Sources Donovan, Robert, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977. Goldman, Eric Frederick, The Crucial Decade and After: America, 1945-1960, New York: Random House Inc. , 1956. Hamby, Alonzo L, A Life of Harry S. Truman, Man of the People, New York: Oxford University Press Inc, 1995. Pemberton, William, Harry S. Truman, Fair Dealer & Cold Warrior, Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989. State Department, â€Å"Summary of Telegrams for Greece, Poland and USSR,† 25 February 1947, Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , â€Å"Address of the President of the United States: Recommendation of Assistance to Greece and Turkey,† 12 March 1947 Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, vol. 2. Garden City, Time, Inc. 1956. Woelfel, Scott, â€Å"Interactive Maps,† Cold War, CNN Interactive, April 1999 Oct 15, 2005 G. Appendix Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine Ryan Hauppa A. Plan of Investigation The following questions will be investigated: What were the events and decisions that led to the development of the Truman Doctrine? What was its effect on US Foreign Policy and its impact on Greece, Turkey and Europe? Research will be conducted concerning the Post World War II Treaties as Potsdam, Soviet Union aggression, and the Greek and Turkey Crisis. These events prompted the development of the Truman Doctrine – the US foreign policy to contain the spread of Communism. Truman’s 1947 Address that introduced the doctrine to the world, his own personal thoughts, and the support and criticism of the policy will be examined. The doctrine will be analyzed as to how it shaped future American policies and programs as the Marshall Plan and led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War over forty years later. (Word Count -143) B. Summary of Evidence World War II devastated Europe. Millions of people died. Many of those remaining were starving and in need of food and shelter since the farms and cities of many countries were destroyed. Billions of dollars were spent. Countries were nearly bankrupt. Europe was in economic, social, and political devastation. After the surrender of Germany in 1945, the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met first at Yalta and later at Potsdam in Germany. They met to resolve war reparations and boundaries of Germany. As part of the agreements, Germany was divided into East and West. The Eastern portion was controlled by the Soviet Union and the West by the United States, United Kingdom, and France. Berlin, the capital, which is inside Eastern Germany, was also divided by the four countries. Pemberton 50) In 1945 and 1946, Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, had been taking over new countries including Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia by establishing governments favorable to him. (CNN Cold War Appendix Maps) The Soviet Union focused next on Greece and Turkey. In February of 1947, Great Britain informed the United States in a â€Å"State Department Telegr am† that that they could no longer provide financial aid to the governments of Greece and Turkey since they did not have the money and resources. Both governments were being threatened by Communist insurgents. (Truman Library Telegram 1) Truman pledged that â€Å"it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures† in a â€Å"Address of the President of the United States† in March of 1947. (Truman Address 1) The economic aid program was costly amounting to total of more than $400 million for the two countries to aid the pro-democracy governments and oppose the Communists. The policy was later called the Truman Doctrine. Congress was divided over the program. Democrats wanted to give diplomacy and the newly formed United Nations a chance while Republicans were isolationist and concerned that the program was too costly. Despite a divided Congress, the program was adopted since both eventually were more concerned over the spread of Communism in the region. The Cold War confrontation had begun. The United States and its principles of freedom, capitalism, and democracy were fighting philosophically and economically against Communism and the Soviet Union. Donovan 286) Truman and George Marshall, his Secretary of State, then prepared for even greater aid for the rest of Europe. Their objective was to rebuild Western Europe and prevent a Communism take over of the remaining free nations. The policy was called the Marshall Plan, the European Economic Recovery Program. Over $13 billion in aid was provided in 1947. (Truman Memoirs 111) The Cold War was expanded. Stalin tried to disrupt the United States and it s allies in 1948 and 1949 by shutting down access to Berlin. Truman responded by airlifting supplies into the city until access as again. (Pemberton 102) Afterward, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 to defend Western Europe militarily against a Soviet invasion as response by the United States in the Cold War. The Soviet Union in turn allied the Eastern European nations under the Warsaw Pact. (Pemberton 104) The Berlin Wall, the symbol of the Cold War, was built in 1961 and later torn down in 1989 after many years of conflict. The Soviet Union ultimately collapsed in 1991. (Word Count – 567) C. Evaluation of Sources The most important source in investigating the topic of the Truman Doctrine is President Truman’s Memoirs. The actual 1947 â€Å"Presidential Address Recommending for Assistance to Greece and Turkey† and critical government documents as the â€Å"State Department Telegrams for Greece, Turkey and the USSR are included. Truman gives his own personal viewpoints of what happened while he was President. The researcher can obtain a clear view from the president himself. From his writings, you can tell that Truman was a hard working, â€Å"tell it like it is† man. When he made a decision, he stuck with it and moved on. The decision to proceed with the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was difficult and not very popular, but Truman did it because he thought it was the right thing to do. The limitation of the source is that it was written by Truman and may make him look too favorable. The other source most used was the book written by Robert Donovan, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis. Mr. Donovan was a journalist at the White House during the Truman presidency. He provided critical firsthand insights into the actual events through his notes and research from the actual participants. His research into the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was more thorough and comprehensive than most of the other sources used that were cited in the research paper. Mr. Donovan provides an excellent historical perspective of the pros and cons of Truman’s and his staff’s decisions. The limitation of the source is that the book was written in 1977 so it does not include the perspective after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Soviet Union and Communism in Europe. Word Count – 285) D. Analysis Truman in his Memoirs describes his 1947 Address as follows: â€Å"This was, I believe, the turning point in America’s foreign policy, which now declared that wherever aggression, direct or indirect, threatened by peace, the security of the United States was involved†¦After I delivered the speech the world reaction proved that t his approach had been the right one†. Truman went on further to describe in other addresses â€Å"the alternate ways of life†¦ One way is based on the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion and freedom from political oppression†¦The second way of life is based upon the will of the minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections and the suppression of personal freedoms†. (106) Truman believes that the United States and its democratic way of life is better then the Soviet Union and its evil oppressive way of life. He wanted to make sure that the world understood his commitment by his strong language. The Communists should not quickly take over free countries and threaten the United States and its allies. His own divided Congress should beware of the past policies of isolationism and the hope that diplomacy and the United Nations could solve the crisis. The Soviet Union already had taken over the Eastern European countries in violation of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements. The Greece and Turkey crisis was critical to victory in the Cold War. If either Greece or Turkey fell to the Soviet Union, the other would follow. More nations would tumble â€Å"as a row of falling dominoes† extending Soviet domination to Europe, the Middle East oil fields, and Africa. (Hamby 391) (CNN Cold War Appendix Maps) Communism could have spread very quickly worldwide, but it did not. The Truman Doctrine is the epitome of the containment of Communism. (Donovan 284) Greece, Turkey, Europe, and even Russia, the former Soviet Union, are currently free and democratic nations. Europe was in economic, political, and social devastation after World War II. Winston Churchill once declared, â€Å"What is Europe now? It is a rubble-heap, a charnel house, a breeding ground of pestilence and hate. † It was the perfect time for the Soviet Union to support Communism. (Goldman 66) At over $13 billion, it was aid on a much greater scale. The Truman Doctrine prompted the Marshall Plan. Truman in his Memoirs claimed that the plan was developed to do the following: (1) Counter increasing pressure of Communist imperialism, and (2) Rebuild Europe. By rebuilding Europe, America would help to establish that healthy economic balance which is essential to the peace of the world. 111) Rebuilding Europe was not only a national security issue but also a national economic issue. At the end of World War II, the United States was a major exporter. (Donovan 287) Without a strong Europe, the United States would likely have had a poor economy for many years because of lack of trade with Europe. Instead, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan led to over fifty years of prosperity for Europe and the United States and the end of the Cold War. (Word Count – 534) E. Conclusion With the Truman Doctrine, the United States entered a new era of foreign policy. Great Britain, France, and Germany were no longer the colonial powers. The United States was the most powerful free nation in the world. The balance of power changed. Over the next forty years, the United States and the Soviet Union fought a Cold War for a way of life. The United States spent trillions of dollars, but the spread of Communism in Europe was contained. The result would have never have occurred had it not been for Truman’s bold move in Greece and Turkey. The cost was great, but the cost would have been greater if United States lost. Europe could have turned Communist. Instead, the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union collapsed. Russia has enacted democratic reforms and a capitalist economy, which is ultimate proof of the success of the Truman Doctrine. (Word Count – 148) F. List of Sources Donovan, Robert, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977. Goldman, Eric Frederick, The Crucial Decade and After: America, 1945-1960, New York: Random House Inc. , 1956. Hamby, Alonzo L, A Life of Harry S. Truman, Man of the People, New York: Oxford University Press Inc, 1995. Pemberton, William, Harry S. Truman, Fair Dealer & Cold Warrior, Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989. State Department, â€Å"Summary of Telegrams for Greece, Poland and USSR,† 25 February 1947, Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , â€Å"Address of the President of the United States: Recommendation of Assistance to Greece and Turkey,† 12 March 1947 Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, vol. 2. Garden City, Time, Inc. 1956. Woelfel, Scott, â€Å"Interactive Maps,† Cold War, CNN Interactive, April 1999 Oct 15, 2005 G. Appendix

Talent Management Issues Relevant to the Field of IHRM Assignment

Talent Management Issues Relevant to the Field of IHRM - Assignment Example Therefore, the management must take measures to retain the asset through effective talent management. In this respect, organizations need to prepare their potential employees for the leadership position by exposing them to different business cultures and challenges. The objective of the study is to critically review the article written by Collings & Mellahi (2009) with the title â€Å"Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda†. The study also aims to identify issues related to talent management in relation to the context of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) with reference to the findings from the above-mentioned article. According to Collings and Mellahi (2009), talent management plays a vital role to drive the performance of the organization both at the group level and the individual level1. Talent is directly related to human assets. Performance of the employees contributes towards the accomplishments of the long-term goals and short-term objectives2. Talent management is the procedure to attract productive employees, to identify the right potential possessed by the workforce, to grease their potentials for better results and to take measures for retaining the assets over the long run3. However, organization s should understand that only attracting the employees would not suffice the sustainability and productivity goals; identifying the strengths and then grooming them accordingly is also important4. Talent management methodologies help in analyzing the performance of the employees. As stated by Collings and Mellahi (2009), in the recessionary context maximization of the talent present in the existing employees holds important priority among global organizations.  

Statistics homework Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistics homework - Speech or Presentation Example ations, two standard deviations around arithmetic mean approximately cover 95% observations, 3 standard deviations around arithmetic mean approximately cover 99.7 % observations. A point estimate is based on a single estimated value of a parameter. Using the sample estimate, we can find the estimator by following any method of estimation. If we are encountering the situation of a biased data, a single Point-Estimate can falsify the analysis, so it is better to mention range as the actual population parameter value because if an estimate is given in terms of a range; it can absorb a little bias of the collected data. On the other hand, the range of interval can be increased by increasing the confidence level. It is better to comment on how much runs any player can make in a particular over in terms of a range rather than claiming a definite value. OR, whenever newly hired employees are being asked about the expected salary, majority prefers to state the expectation as a range instead of a single solid figure. For a given confidence interval a a population mean can be found by , therefore the margin of error is , which simply indicates that bigger the sample size smaller will be the confidence interval. Increased sample size always results in smaller limit using the same confidence level (1-ÃŽ ±). If the average amount of soft-drink in n=30 bottles is 248ml with the standard deviation = 2ml, then the possible 95% confidence interval for the average amount for all such bottles could be; 247.28 and 248.72. On the other hand, if we want to measure the confidence interval for 100 such bottles using the same formula, it will be 247.608 and 248.392. Confidence interval seems shrunk with increased sample

Dr. Kings Letter from the Birmingham Jail Assignment

Dr. Kings Letter from the Birmingham Jail - Assignment Example o gauged by commentaries in Bible which became apparent after Professor Glenn Sunshine’s and Professor Robert George’s discussion referring to the beliefs of equality in Christianity. Even though these commentaries, necessarily, do not coincide with the practices of social segregation on the name of religion or ethnicity, the ideologies hidden beneath the meaning of these commandments indicate Jesus’ message towards human equality irrespective of their belief of God through Jesus Christ or any other pronouncer of truth as per the scriptures. The phrase â€Å"work of the law† in this respect directs the compassion or sentiments perceived by a human character to abide by the norms mentioned in his believed scriptures treating those as God’s law and act accordingly. This further resembles the prominence of such beliefs being imbibed within a human character and the society at large which is phrased as â€Å"written in their hearts†. As was explained by Craig Bluemel, followers of Jesus Christ have often misunderstood the commandments to inscribe a segregation of the followers of Jesus from the believers of another pronouncer of Godâ€℠¢s verses. In his words, â€Å"...Christians say that unless a person repents and believes in God ONLY thru Jesus Christ, that he or she is going to spend eternity in hell... For years, I avoided answering this question directly, because, quite frankly, I had no proof from Scripture that such a notion by Christians exists (i.e. that God sends people to hell that never hear the gospel)† (Bluemel, â€Å"Q & A Series: Please explain Romans 2:14-15†). A quite similar depiction can be obtained from the social phenomenon inscribed in Dr. King Jr.’s letter, where tribes were being segregated on the basis of their â€Å"work of the law† built with strong belief on God through Jesus Christ or rather Christianity; thus indicating social segregation grounded on racial as well as religious differences (King, Jr., â€Å"Letter from Birmingham

The Decade of the Decline of the Balance of Power Essay

The Decade of the Decline of the Balance of Power - Essay Example It is the democratic situation of the nation that has contributed to this situation as cases like the Executive and the Congress holding different positions such as receiving support from opposing political parties. The privilege doctrine of these branches of the government have proved to be timely and challenging to the judicial branch. Power allocation between coequal and separate government branches has been a major challenge in the last decade in United States. Such power gridlocks have forced the Supreme Court to step in many situations in order to resolve some of the disputes between the different government branches. When it comes to the balance of power between the White house and the Congress, the result is normally a political battle mainly regarding the law thus making such conflicts to spill over to the Supreme Court (Elliot, 2007). The power conflicts among the separate and coequal branches of the government are unavoidable especially in this decade that has been marked by partisan conflicts that have been heightened. The American constitution defines the different powers given to the existing branches of the government but lives some clauses undefined when it comes to the powers dedicated to the government branches thus. This situation is what results to the misunderstandings in the interpretation of the constitution as a means of defining the power balances. For example, the Congress is vested with the power to oversee the activities of the Executive by the constitution in the formulation of its legislation and the appropriation of funds for the executive operations. The imbalance arises when the Executive is also given the power by the same constitution to withhold some of its information regarding its duties as per the constitution. This is because the disclosure of some of the information to the Congress and the entire nation would work against the interests of the nation. However, the constitution still expects the government branches to provide other necessary information without limits. The doctrine of Executive and the Congress are mandated to shield and sought information that are sensitive from disclosure for the sake of the interest of the nation but at the same time making sure that the remainder is disclosed. The consequent of this is that the government branches conflicts force the Supreme Court to reconsider its executive privilege doctrine thus exploring constitutional waters that were unexplored. The last decade has seen a President coming from a party that is different from the party held by the Congress. This scenario has led to unbalanced power between the two resulting to the many conflicts witnessed as a result of the power shifts. The end result is the diminishing of the constitutional concept of the government’s co equal branches (Bickel, 1990). The Suprem e Court is left with the responsibility of resolving such conflicts presented before as stated in the

Insurance companies Finances Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Insurance companies Finances - Coursework Example The organization will also be able to save the cost of loans which they would have otherwise opted for. The demand of current assets in the organization can be efficiently met by investing the unassigned surplus in the right area. The properties maintained by the business organizations are insured to adhere to the safety standards. The insurance of the properties involve a premium and are known as property insurance premium. The systematic methods of calculating these types of insurance premium fall under different ‘classes’ and these classes have different eligibility criteria. Properties with risky factors or having disputed issues, and properties specially protected are not generally eligible for the class ratings. For these types of cases, insurance premiums are specially rated. The rates used are specifically for those assets which are determined by physical inspection. The method of class rating is based on the assumption that the future losses to be insured will be determined largely by some sort of factors. The major classification factors in homeowners insurance include construction material, age of the home and protective devices like smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. One of the major advantages of class ratings is that it is easy to apply. Premium quotations of the ratings can also be quickly obtained. It is also known as Manual Rating. These rating are mainly used in homeowners insurance, private passenger auto insurance, workers compensation, and life & health insurance. Compensation Insurance Fund considers the following items when establishing a merit rating for a policy. They are classification evaluation, management business practices, and management safety practices Classification Evaluation: This category evaluates any changes in the operations of the employer when compared to the other operations normally contemplated within the same classification. The process of

Comparative criminal justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Comparative criminal justice - Assignment Example I found these three aspects interesting because they aim at making a prison stay comfortable. While prisoners should not live in squalid conditions, they still seem to be tended to with great care and many options to ensure that they thrive while in prison. The difference between prisoners’ rights and prisoners’ privileges is that rights must be granted to all prisoners, while privileges must be earned based on good behavior. Rights are determined by government and privileges are determined by the individual prisons and are not offered to all prisoners. A prisoner has the right and is entitled to healthcare and protection from bullying by other prisoners, but they must earn the opportunities to receive additional visits from friends and family. At the reception on the first day, prisoners are checked in and assigned numbers. They are interviewed and assessed so that they understand the rules of the prison and their rights, as well as available courses and required healthcare. All new prisoners are strip searched, and then given prison-standard clothing. The prisoners are then inspected by a nurse to determine if a prisoner is under the influence of drugs or prescribed medication, or are feeling suicidal. In the case that a prisoner is violent or considered a risk to themselves or others, segregation cells are made available for the prisoner to remain for a short period of time. Female prisoners are allowed to keep their infants with them in prison if the child is under eighteen months, or the woman gives birth while in prison, and the admissions board deems the situation required for the well-being of the infant. If the prisoner is denied their child or if the child is older than eighteen months, or if there are no available mother-baby units in any potential prison, outside arrangements must be made for the care of the child. Such arrangements can be made with family or Social Services, who will see to it that the child is cared for in a

Who commits crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Who commits crimes - Essay Example According to Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin, (1987) a small percentage of offenders commits a large proportion of criminal offenses. Stated in another way, there are only a few individuals who are repeat offenders or career criminals. The common perception of most people is that more criminals equal more crimes, but the theorists above have proven otherwise. Based on studies they have conducted, they advocate that only a number of crimes may actually be attributed to a few people. Their findings are important in the sense that they show the pattern of behavior that we can expect from potential career criminals. Their study points out that most of these career criminals come from a poor background, have a history of delinquency, and have a lower grade point average while they are in high school. In possibly understanding and curtailing criminal tendencies in potential career criminals, we look into the problem children in school. In the cohort study conducted by Wolfgang and his associa tes, they uncovered that many of the male offenders were arrested only once or twice, about 19% of the offenders were repeat offenders, and a very small percentage – about 6% were arrested 5 or more times (Wolfgang, 1972, as quoted by Spelman, 1993). Their study implies that we can unearth career criminals by looking into a small percentage of people in the criminal pool. They are the ones we need to worry about because the criminal justice system has become ineffective in rehabilitating them. In a big way, their time in jail may have actually made them hardened criminals. Their findings also indicate how important it is for us to identify and establish factors which may invite and breed criminal behavior. Simply looking into a person’s race, social class, gender, and age is not enough in order to predict criminal behavior. By tracing the pattern of behavior of one criminal, it will tell us a lot about whether or not he is a potential career criminal (Hagan,

Barriers to communication Essay Example for Free

Barriers to communication Essay 1.3 Identify barriers to effective communication A child, young person, their parent(s)/carer(s) or even a member of staff whose first language is foreign may make it harder for any communication spoken to them to be understood. They may only understand very small words of the language you’re speaking, so information will be harder to put across. For example; in my setting, there is a child who can understand what you are saying, but it seems, most of the time they seem very quiet. This may be due to their parent(s) being from a foreign country, so they may be able to communicate in their parent(s) language, but not in ours so may find it hard to communicate some of their needs/feelings. Someone may have a sensory deprivation – such as hearing or sight. This will make giving and receiving information harder to do – they may need an interpreter at all times for example. When talking to a service provider, they may use technical language that the service user may not understand which will make it harder for them to process the information and may worry what they have meant. Someone may be going through a difficult time that is making their emotions go all over the place – such as they may take things the wrong way, get upset easily, no full concentration and not trying as hard to complete/do things. Environmental/setting problems can cause a barrier for a communication – someone who may not be able to see very well will find it hard to read any written information in a dimly lit room. Or, for example, someone in a wheelchair can find it hard to communicate with someone if they are at a desk that is above the wheelchair users head.

The Life and Poetry of Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay Example for Free

The Life and Poetry of Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay Poetry is the rhythm of every writers soul. It varies in distinction from one artist or poet to the next. Poems dont generally appeal to the greatest number of individuals, and they could hardly be regarded as a popular or esoteric form of entertainment. But the writer Edwin Arlington Robinson; and the proficient body of work hes accomplished in his poetry over the extent of his writing career, and perhaps essentially, his life, appears to negate or depart from the aforementioned sentiment. The three-time Pulitzer Prize-winning writer, evokes in his poetry, aspects of humanity which most every individual are able to identify with. Robinsons capacity to encompass and evoke the aforementioned sentiments in his poetry has led him to be regarded and aptly dubbed as a â€Å"people poet,† and by the time of his death on 1935, the writer whose poetry was admired by president Theodore Roosevelt himself, was widely regarded and recognized as a leading American poet of his era and generations to come, establishing him along the likes and ranks of fellow American poet, Robert Frost. Edwin Arlington Robinson was born the oldest son of Edward Robinson and Mary Palmer on December 22, 1869 in Gardner, Maine to a particularly well-to-do family. He had two brothers siblings who didnt share or enjoy his particular successes. One of them was a doctor who eventually became a drug addict, and the other was an alcoholic who fueled his addiction by squandering the family fortune. Robinson did not marry like his brothers did, but he claimed to have fallen in love more than once, and despite shyness, the poet had a significant number of close friends (Donaldson). Robinson learned to acknowledge early on that poetry was his calling. Although his initial works were not as well received as his later writings, the poet nonetheless pursued and consummated this particular interest which he claimed was the only thing he knew how to do. He took classes in French, English and Shakespeare in Harvard for a brief period of two years until he was forced to leave at the instance of his fathers death. He wrote copiously and exhaustively after his fathers funeral, and much to his initial reluctance, he obligingly took the role of becoming man of the house (Porter). Like many writers, artists and poets, and despite being born into a rich family, Robinson suffered through a period of poverty which lasted several years, mainly because his brother had already depleted the fortune they were born into, and because as a writer, or poet, he wasnt exactly afforded the highest of compensations, let alone was regularly paid or published at all. Writing was Robinsons way of coping with circumstances which were presented to him, and his poetry served as a vivid and artistic reflection, documentation, or perhaps, personal translation of reality as it occurred and unfolded in his private sphere, and elsewhere surrounding him. Robinson was among the first poets to write of ordinary people, of the seeming mundane, trite and hackneyed instances which occurred to individuals in the course of existence on a day-to-day basis. He wrote of butchers, misers, store clerks, and similar seemingly insignificant individuals with a creative eloquence which rendered the ordinary people he was referring to as exquisitely and achingly beautiful pieces and embodiments of humanity in a world that would otherwise be viewed as insufferable and humdrum. He captured the plight of every working man, although he was not necessarily one of them. And the particular theme afforded by his poetry differed from what other writers and poets in 19th century America were expressing and indulging in, this separated Robinson from the pack and established him as a distinct and unique voice of his era (Donaldson). Robinsons close attention and sensitivity to rhythm, harmony and sound is largely evident in every word, line and stanza which constitute his poetry. This sentiment is most evident in his perhaps most widely recognized poem entitled â€Å"Richard Cory,† a lyrical verse neatly written and composed of traditional rhyming verses which simply begged to be read aloud. Its content, however, is in no way traditional for its time, and as what has been already mentioned, the verses, when read aloud, are delightfully and enormously pleasant to listen to. In it, Robinson relates an intriguing narration of a man named – as the title already connotes – Richard Cory, who appeared to be graced with all the fine, fortunate, and maybe even enviable characteristics a gentleman of Robinsons era could possess. This much is recounted throughout the extent of the relatively short, four-stanza poem, which culminates in an exquisitely tragic irony which evinces the talent and creative genius of Edwin Arlington Robinson, the poem begins by relating: Whenever Richard Cory went down town, / We people on the pavement looked at him: / He was a gentleman fromsole to crown, / Clean-favoured and imperially slim † (Robinson). Although the poem doesnt necessarily center on the previously mentioned theme which runs rife in Robinsons work – that is to say, the plight of the common working man – it nonetheless incorporates a sentiment of the said themed ordinariness in the verse when Robinson, or the narrating voice in the poem pronounces â€Å"we people on the pavement looked at him The tone of the poem then appears to be told from the perspective of the proletariat, the working class, the common people, or to put it crudely, the poor. The poet remains faithful to the individuals which exist as the central concern or topic of most of his other poems. And while Robinson may be speaking from the point of view of the common man in â€Å"Richard Cory,† he affords no prejudiced or ill view towards his rich protagonist; but instead paints a good natured, pleasantly mannered, sympathetic human being who just happened to be wealthy. Painting the person that is Richard Cory as admirable, instead of enviable. Of his protagonist he writes: â€Å"And he was rich, yes, richer than a king, / And admirably schooled in every grace: / In fine – we thought that he was everything / To make us wish that we were in his place. † (Robinson). The poet plays out every line with a neat and simple lyrical recounting, meant to be read for what it is, not camouflaging behind complex play of words and metaphors, or needing to impress under a facade of flamboyant and pretentious words and lyric. The beauty of Robinsons poetry, as evident in Richard Cory exists as such, neat and simple in form and structure, but lyrical, engaging, and addresses a fundamental aspect of humanity significant in any and every era. The concluding verse of â€Å"Richard Cory† affirms this assumption by divulging: â€Å"So on we worked and waited for the light, / And went without meat and cursed the bread, / And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, Went home and put a bullet in his head. † (Robinson). Much like every great work of art, Robinsons poetry – as evident in the poem that is Richard Cory – provokes reflection. It asks individuals to consider the irony which exists and abounds in every persons reality, however fictional its context may be. It also drips of intrigue and tragedy, which are perhaps central elements of piquing human interest, but this is done with a certain preciousness, and even elegance which makes for a reflective and affecting, as opposed to â€Å"entertaining† piece. The culmination of Richard Corys life in suicide exists as both a mystery and an obvious or telling episode in a persons life, both in fiction and the waking reality. It presents a view of humanity which may not appear particularly novel or surprising for most of us today, but is something which should nonetheless be paid close attention to. â€Å"Richard Cory† embodies the precious simplicity as well as affecting irony and genuine heart which exists in Robinsons poetry. The poem affords readers an excerpt of a seeming rudimentary, but infinitely affecting piece of humanity which exists in the confines of rhyme, lyric, harmony that is essentially Edwin Arlington Robinsons poetry. Another fitting example of the poets genius which exists perhaps not as famously and to a different degree, but in a nonetheless exquisite and affecting manner, is Robinsons ode to a fellow poet, eponymously entitled, â€Å"Walt Whitman. † In it, Robinson relates, in tones akin to that of a great admirer of Whitmans, his sentiments on the instance of the esteemed humanist poets death. He begins the poem by pronouncing, â€Å"The master songs are ended, and the man / A name; and so is love, and life, and death Last night it was the song that was the man / But now it is the the man that is the song. † (Robinson). His admiration for Whitman as a fellow poet, a writer of songs and ballads of humanity is evinced in the beauty of the said verse, and in lines in which he speaks of Whitmans poetry and voice as â€Å"too pure for us – too powerfully pure, too lovingly triumphant, and too large (Robinson). These verses serve as a fitting poetic eulogy and remembrance of an equally remarkable poet. The poem culminates in a telling and powerful verse which exists in the following lines, â€Å"No songs are ended that are ever sung, / Mens letters on proud marble or on sand, We write them there forever. † (Robinson). The aforementioned lines hold a significant amount of truth, not only to Whitmans poetry, but to Robinsons and to every individual who commits to making concrete their passions as well. Edwin Arlington Robinson is regarded as a major American poet for this very reason, because the poetry he creates is able to reflect and evoke a great deal of humanity, and at the same time, impact on the realities which occur to every human being as well. The subtle and simple manner by which he approaches poetry, and the visceral and affecting characteristic which is evoked therein, establishes Robinsons prominence, and affords his words an enduring and affecting timeless significance to individuals and the better part of humanity.

Leadership Comparison: Vijay Mallaya and Bill Gates

Leadership Comparison: Vijay Mallaya and Bill Gates When we think about leadership, a range of thoughts cross our mind: The leader as a hero or a great man who accomplishes a major goal against all odds for his/her followers or a leader as a rare and charismatic individual with extra-ordinary qualities and a grand vision. In fact, according to some scholars, the history of the world is the history of great men. The great-man theory of leadership continues to be of popular interest to showcase individual leadership in the political and corporate world. Leadership was based on the study of people who are already great leaders. These people awere often from the aristocracy, as few from low classes had the opportunity to lead. This contributed from the notation that leadership something to do with breeding. We all recognize that some of the greatest leaders known to humanity have been the founders of various religions. The Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, and Prophet Mohammad are fine examples of religious leadership. On the other hand, Alexander the Great, Chenghiz Khan and Napoleon Bonaparte, for instance, exemplify Individual leadership includes living in quality and balance, the way your personal values, understand responsibility of their lives, living with a sense of purpose and moving towards a personal vision. Personal leadership is a fundamental of all the leadership contexts, the basic meaning is, if youre not able to lead yourself efficiently, youll be not able to lead others effectively. All leaders need to manage team variables, manage team system and personalities, in a way that motivate each team member, to put efforts according to their unique abilities. Great team leaders build teams consisting of individuals, where each ones strengths compensates for anothers weakness, making an aligned high performance team. Building upon the team leadership practice, Leadership builds alignment between team members, making sure the successful completion of strategy. The practice of leadership is basically about making alignment, improving strategies, staying alert and focused communication and making inter personal relationships. I understand that in best quality business unit, leadership is necessary to ensure the successful execution of corporate strategies. Where there are not very fine and specific characteristics that define a leader, there are a many qualities of leadership that are valuable in leaders.All these may include commitment, integrity, honesty, sincerity, humility, courage, passion, confidence, positivity, wisdom, determination, compassion, sensitivity, and personal charisma. These are not all the things that leader may possess, but they turn out to be some of the qualities of a leader and are often shown by their actions. It is seen leadership is mostly about behavior, and this behavior will never be different from others without acting on innovative ideas.Innovation is the only way to challenge difficulties. We always believed that a great leader is able to shift and motivate others from a static life to one of great variably changing views, beliefs and values. All these changes eventually lead to actions which are what leadership is thriving to change! Styles of leadership Efficient leaders bother not only about whether they looser win, but even about how they proffered to play the game. Finally, the personal choice that we always and must make about is whether to engage ones mind that of authority or that of leadership can tell our own career future as well as people around around us. Its been seen the famous industrialist emphasize the difference between the authoritative and nurturing leadership styles as the hard and soft components of management. They thrive on a leading process by an exercise of combining analysis and comprehension of the matters present and future. Leaders judge challenges but they will never turn challenges into fears. They maximize opportunity but will never turn opportunity into adventure. They have a total knowledge of thin line between risk and reward as they push ahead towards prosperity and progress. Styles (htt2) Good leaders will use all three styles depending on all situations with only a minor difference to their natural style. Poor leaders will generally stick with one style and not adjust for different situations limiting their influence greatly and it can be one out of these. Autocratic Participative Free reign Authoritarian style where are decisions are centralized as in dictatorship. No suggestion and advises are entertain or encouraged. It is a successful and practiced to provide strong motivations to managers in any organization. The outcomes are quick decision making as there is only one person to make decisions for ever one and it is retained to himself unless he feels the need to be shared. Democratic style is a style contrary to the above one. Here this style favors decision making by group as in leaders generates instructions after a consulting a group or group of professional. They can seek co-operation from a group or professional and motivate them by their involvement in goals. The outcomes of the democratic leader are not serotype as with the autocrat because they arise from consultation with the group members and participation by them. Free rein style a free reign leader will lead by leaving the decesions to its co-workers and subordinates i.e., they are providing a freedom deciding their own way of doing things and policies. Different scenario style can be applied in different situations. In an emergency where there is little time an autocratic style is best suitable however in a motivated and homogenous team democratic would be more suitable. The practice of organizational leadership includes developing plan and direction, pointing changes and managing cultural transformation. Organizational leadership is important to manage the fit between the external, variable marketplace and the internal companys processes to develop organizational resilience. The following is my list of the characteristics of a good leader: (htt1) Vision leaders must have a good and clear vision. They must believe in them self and can motivate people in believing and following them. There vision for things is what it could be not what they are. Wise leaders have to go for critical calls are difficult points. A leader has to be wise and knowledgeable in order to make a correct call for a successful organization. They are strategic, wise and perceptive. Passionate good leaders are very passionate aabout their work and people. There obsession makes them entirely focused on what they do it may be sports hobby or business. They operate in a high level of passion that they get totally consumed in it. Compassionate good leaders have compassion for the people, employs and supporters. While these leaders have goals to accomplish, they consistently care for the individuals that support them. They are not selfish and have hear for people they follow. Charismatic most good leaders are charming and they draw the attention of the people by the way they talk and the way they carry themselves. They are excellent in building relations and maintaining them. Persistent they have strong will power towards their goal. They anticipate the problem towards their goals. They see that the advantage of attaining their goals is larger than that of the problems that occurred. This makes them intensely persistent individuals. Great communicators they are comfortable in public speaking and inspiring. They are great orator and persuaders. Integrity good leaders mean there words what they say. They dont play political games. Daring they are bold. A great leader saidcourage is the virtue on which all virtue rest on. Winston Churchill. Disciplined Most good leaders are very controlled in their goals. Where most would be simply distracted, good leaders discipline their minds to keep focused and steady regardless of the situation. In my opinion two great business leaders are VIJAY MALLAYA (htt4) Call him The king of good times or the liquor Baron, this charismatic personalitys name is a complete introduction in itself. Story his life narrates countries, time zones, cars and careers. He says and believes in living the life-king size. His strong vision and guts to take on difficult and new challenges in life always gave him an image of great leader over other business leaders and tycoons. He is the person who changed the common view about a multi-national company. Referred to as Indias Richard Branson. A great part of the personality of the Kingfisher brand is based on Mallyas personality. He is considers to been an ethical leader. He is honored for having alone changed the image of his beer from a commodity to a new lifestyle brand. The Kingfisher commands a 29% share of the beer market in India and is sold in over 52 countries Vijay Mallya is considered to be a flamboyant CEO of United Breweries -that owns the Kingfisher brand is one of the most flamboyant CEOs in Asia. He has built a reputation for spending extravagantly his money in the public trusts. Even he is seen as a vary parotic person. He won the bid of the Kohinoor diamond in England, which is worth of millions of dollars and donated it to the Indian government. His mission statement reflects all of the leadership style mentioned above in this article. Mission Statement from the Tycoon We constitute a large, global group based in India. We associate with world leaders in order to adopt technologies and processes that will enable a leadership position in a large spectrum of activities. We are focused on assuming leadership in all our target markets. We seek to be the most preferred employer wherever we operate. We recognize that our organization is built around people who are our most valuable asset. We will always be the partner of choice for customers, suppliers and other creators of innovative concepts. We will continually increase the long-term value of our Group for the benefit of our shareholders. We will operate as a decentralized organization and allow each business to develop within our stated values. We will be a major contributor to our National Economy and take full advantage of our strong resource base. We commit ourselves to the ongoing mission of achieving Scientific Excellence BILL GATES (htt7) From Microsofts founding in 1975 until 2006, Gates had primary responsibility for the companys product strategy. He enthusiastically broadened the companys range of products, and he carried Microsoft in all the hard and critical times very finely. As an executive, Gates kept consisting meetings with Microsofts senior managers and department managers. It is often seen him interrupting the presentations with comments such as, Thats the stupidest thing Ive ever heard! and, Why dont you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps? The intentions of his behavior then had to defend the proposal in detail until, hopefully, he was fully satisfied. When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he used sarcasm as his tool, Ill do it over the weekend. In 2006, Gates announced that he would change his day-to-day role over the next two years and to dedicate more time to philanthropy. Why bill gates (htt5) Focus: He has shown over nearly 30 years the vitality of clarity of thought and execution. Thinking big: Together with focus, the capability to dream big and carry it with single-minded determination, keep him apart from other leaders and entrepreneurs. Passion: Simple way of doing things. If anything is worth doing, it is worth doing well. From a simple thank you note to a complex proposal, it is important to do with excellence on whatever it takes. Learning as a life-long process: although he dropped out college while pursuing to his dreams, he has probably read and written much more than most of us ever will. Giving back to society: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has provided a new dimension to philanthropy by addressing issues that are global in nature malaria, cancer, AIDS. Part B Poor Communication by senior management: Poor communication brings ineffective work culture and the employees can be distracted from goals. Managements expectation would be different from what an employee would understand. This will draw a strained relationship between an employee and an employer. Office politics: Different people have different state of mind. Most of them who are skillful workers dont want to indulge in any kind of politics. Forced to do that result in inefficient work which brings frustration in employee and employer too. Lack of team work: every member of a team has a task assigned to achieve a single goal. If any member of team lack in his work, it can affect the whole team. This can create a friction among team member in an organization. The use of politically correct language: the use of informal language can be offensive to some of them. It may not be appropriate at places where people from different culture are working. If people in an organization will not have good will among others, it can end up frustrating some of the colleges. Nosy co-workers: back biting and sneaking into other peoples work is a frustration for most of the employees. Employees will be uncomfortable to work and it will bring uneasiness among them. BIBLOGRAPHY (n.d.). Retrieved from http://learnthis.ca/2009/01/leadership-understanding-what-it-is/ (n.d.). Retrieved from http://hubpages.com/hub/Good-Leadership-10-Characteristics-Good-Leader (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership (n.d.). Retrieved from http://rajesshcherian.wordpress.com/2008/11/25/dr-vijay-mallya-journey-of-an-entrepreneur-to-business-tycoon/ (n.d.). Retrieved from http://rajesshcherian.wordpress.com/2008/11/25/dr-vijay-mallya-journey-of-an-entrepreneur-to-business-tycoon/ (n.d.). Retrieved from http://blogs.hbr.org/krishnamurthy/2008/06/bill-gates-entrepreneur-manage.html http://www.spp.nus.edu.sg/docs/events/2005/Seminar_Vinayak_Rao_Paper.pdf

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Au :: essays research papers

In the novel Pride and Prejudice, written by Jane Austen, several, if not all of her characters, can verify the idea that in order to achieve happiness one must abandon their pride and in turn, replace it with self-respect accompanied by some humility. In addition, tolerance and mutual respect must replace one’s prejudice. In the inception of the novel, the Bingley sisters, Caroline and Mrs. Hurst, exhibit their prejudice towards Jane because of their differences in social status. It is their pride that forces them to believe they are better than others solely because of the amount of money they have. It is their prejudice that causes them to earnestly avoid people of different social status and do everything their powers allow to ‘protecting’ family members such as Mr. Bingley from people of the lower class. Instead of realizing the love Mr. Bingley and Jane had towards each other, they allow their pride to blind them of the truth and foolishly assume that only a lady of equal status as theirs is ‘worthy’ of their brother’s love. To destroy any hopes Jane might entertain of marrying Mr. Bingley, the sisters connivingly convince her that that her love for Bingley is unrequited. They continue by saying that the marriage of Bingley to Miss Darcy, who will be â€Å"hereaf ter our [their] sister† will â€Å"secure the happiness of so many† people. But towards the end of the novel, even after all their efforts and hopes of separating the two, Jane and Bingley manage to get married. Miss Bingley and Mrs. Hurst are forced to swallow their pride and make amends with Jane because they know that if they didn’t, Mr. Bingley would never like them. The Bingley sisters displayed their tolerance and mutual respect towards Jane after the lower social class prejudice was removed. Caroline Bingley’s attempts to seek the affection of Mr. Darcy are another example of her lack of self-respect. Her excessive pride is evident in her confidence that Darcy â€Å"belongs† to her because of their similarities in social status. Her prejudice towards Elizabeth is evident in Caroline’s constant insults of her. She comments to Elizabeth that â€Å"Darcy is a gentleman† and is out of her league. Caroline foolishly believes that she can win Darcy’s affection by fawning over him. She fails to get Darcy’s affection because she does not have a genuine affection for him. She seeks only to ‘win’ him using her money and status in society.

The First Scene of Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

The first scene is very short, but full of impact. The thunder and lightning alone give it a dramatic opening, which grabs the interest of the audience, as it is representative of evil. These dramatic sound effects help to set the eerie and supernatural atmosphere that Shakespeare wanted to create along with the witches. Instead of seeing Macbeth, Shakespeare’s audience is faced with three weird-looking women. The witches introduce us to a dark, dangerous play, in which the theme of evil is central. The witches say little but we learn a lot about them. The mood of the play is set here, although the action doesn’t start until the next scene. The presence of supernatural forces in the opening of ‘Macbeth’ provides for much of the play’s dramatic tension and the mounting suspense. ‘When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or rain?’ This is the opening line. It immediately draws the audience and captures their imagination, as the supernatural world fascinated people in Elizabethan England. At the time the play was first performed and at the time that Shakespeare was writing it, witchcraft was a great enemy, people became captivated by these peculiar, suspicious witches. Witch – hunts took place and many people were convicted of being witches and were executed. The witches fit in with the stereotypical perception of witches of that time, including use of familiars like Graymalkin and Paddock. The use of the paranormal occurs at the beginning, with three witches explaining that they will meet Macbeth. ‘When the battle’s lost and won.’ The audience have yet to find out what the battle is, however they know that the battle is won by one side and lost by another. Macbeth’s fate is that he will win the battle, but will lose the battle for his soul. We have come in at the end of the witches meeting, just as they are arranging their next appointment before their familiar spirits call them into the fog and filthy air. From the beginning we can tell that the witches can foretell the future, and are creating some unpleasant magic, which is to involve Macbeth. This creates suspense for the audience, wandering what is going to happen next. The fact that the witches want to meet Macbeth should raise some suspicion in the audience. The witches first mention Macbeth in the eighth line, when they explain that they will meet Macbeth upon the heath.

moby dick paper :: essays research papers

In the year 1891, Herman Melville, of New York City, New York, passed away, saddening a wide and diverse fan base that extended across the globe. His works can be enjoyed whether your 6 or 60, relating to everyone because his books involve real people with flaws and downfall, and basic human emotion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Melville was an exceptional author, influenced greatly by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne influenced Melville in such a way, it inspired him to rewrite Moby Dick, which was later inscribed to Hawthorne as a token of Melville’s admiration for his genius. The three works, Moby Dick, Billy Budd, and Benito Cyrano, all written by Herman Melville, have unique qualities and characters that all differ greatly. Although they all take place on ships at sea, you will also notice that the protagonist characters, Captain Delano, Captain Benito Cereno, Captain Ahab, and Billy Budd, appear to have very similar qualities, all of which that are entailed in every man which are strengths and weaknesses along with desire and flaws. These subtle qualities shows Melville’s signature for his distinct writing making for all these stories to be considered among the greatest works of literature. In Benito Cyrano There were two protagonists, Captain Delano and Captain Benito Cereno. Captain Delano obvious weakness may have been his behavior aboard the ship, The San Dominick. He proved to be too good-natured, and way to easily dismissing any thought of foul play. This may have also been his strength, for if he had noticed such plans to over throw the ship, he would have been easily killed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the story, an explanation seemed to be the only thing on Captain Delano mind. He was unsure by what he saw aboard the ship and couldn’t figure out what was going on. He ordered his men to board Cereno’s ship and put a stop to the slave’s rebellion after Cereno was rescued, and also made sure that Babo and Atufal were put on trial and punished. The character of Amasa Delano, at first glance, seemed heroic, was also flawed, though it was his weakness that saved him, as many characters are in Melville’s writing. Benito Cereno, captain of the San Dominick, appears to be a weak and unstable, constantly fainting. He does not seem at all strong and seems very suspicious, but, fortunately, did not panic when approached by Captain Delano and by staying strong and maintaining his calm; playing a big role in saving both their lives.

IGC Nebosh

Suitable PEP and breathing equipment provided Emergency escue arrangement Monitoring systemsupervision with adequate communication. C) outline the emergency arrangements that might be required for entry Into a confined space. First Aid must be available Emergency telephone numbers must be available. A helping hand or supervisor must be present. A rescue plan must be available. Extra breathing apparatuses must be available. Safe and quick asses to the entrance and exit areas. Section 2 1. Identify documentation that is likely to be inspected in a health and safety audit. Health and safety policy Risk assessments Training recordsMaintenance records Inspections and audit reports Complaints from employees Accident and investigation reports Safe systems of work and procedures. 2. A) Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of an employer. Provide a safe work place Provide safe plant and equipment Provide safe systems of work Provide adequate training and supervision Provide com petent fellow employees Set up emergency plans and prevent or Identify risks B) Identify actions an enforcement authority might take if it finds that an employer is not fulfilling their responsibilities. Time. Prosecution, fines and prison sentences can result due to non compliance. Outline reasons why an organization should review its health and safety performance. To deter main if the health and safety plans are appropriate. To deter main if the objectives and targets are met and practical. To check if adequate risk control is in place and to revise it. To provide information on the progress and current status of the strategies, processes and activities used to control risks. 4. A manager is required to carry out a suitable and sufficient risk assessment on a work activity. A) Identify possible sources of information that might help the manager carry out the risk assessment.He could get information from external health and safety consultants, occupational hygienist or ergonomics, a health and safety practitioner, workers and a safety representative. B) Outline what is required in order for a risk assessment to be suitable and sufficient. Identify the significant risks, allow the employer to identify and prioritize control measures, identify those who might be affected by the risks and identify a time period during which it is likely to remain valid. 5. Identify possible costs to an organization following an accident in the workplace. Lost Production time Additional labor recruitmentLoss of morale and reputation Loss of experience Investigation time Fines Legal costs Increased insurance 6. A) Injury: Injury is the outcome of an incident that resulted in harm. Example: A worker cut his hand on re-bar while busy pouring concrete in an abutment. B) Ill Health: This is an illness that has developed due to exposure of something in the workplace. Example: Asbestosis, a disease that developed due to inhalation of asbestos fibers. C) Dangerous Occurrence: Also known as a near miss, is an unplanned event, which under slightly different circumstances, could have resulted in harm to a person or damage to property.Example: A brick falling from a scaffold, missing everyone beneath and hitting the floor. D) Damage Only: This event is when there is no one injured, but there is damage to a building, plant, equipment or materials. Example: Crane truck lifting a concrete slab, it sways in the wind and hits the side off building. 7. Identify key areas that should be addressed in the arrangements section of a health and safety policy. Risk assessment Health and safety training Contractor selection and management Communication and consultation with employees Safe systems of work and permits to work Disciplinary procedures for non-conformance.Emergency procedures Accident reporting and investigation First aid 8. A) Outline the health and safety duties of designers, manufacturers and suppliers of articles and substances. Any articles or substances must be des igned and constructed to be safe and without risk as far as reasonably practical, include testing and examination. There must be sufficient information supplied to the end user to ensure that the nature of the substance or article can be understood and that any conditions for safe use can be described. B) If those in the supply chain fail to carry out their duties, outline health and safety consequences in the workplace.Los in production due to the difficult nature of understanding the article or substance. Increased risk factor on site, if using unsafe articles or substances. Increase in injuries or accident on site, due to increase of risk. 9. A) Give the meaning of the term â€Å"Safe system of work† It is a formal procedure, which results from a systematic examination of a task, in order to identify all the hazards. It defines safe methods, to ensure that all hazards are eliminated or risks minimized. B) Outline what is meant by the following types of controls within a sa fe system of work and give a practical example of each: I.Technical: This focuses on what mechanical intervention can be brought up in the workplace to minimize the risk. Example: Replacing an old machine with a new one, or placing guards on machinery to reduce the risk. It. ) Behavioral: This focuses on the operatives and how the human failure might affect expected outcomes of hazards or risks. Example: Selecting skilled personnel for the Job or supervision. Iii. ) Procedural: It uses instructions, information and training to reduce risks. Example: Permits to work and safe system of work. 1 1 . ) An employer is setting up a health and safety training program.A) Identify the infinite to†¦ I) The employer: Fewer injuries would occur in the workplace, and there would be an increase in morale and safety awareness. More competent workforce. It) The worker: Better understanding of the different risks on site and how to avoid them. Workers made aware of the importance of PEP will wea r it more often and look after their equipment. B) Identify when health and safety training would be provided to workers. This would be done preferably at the beginning of the project or activity so that workers are done as soon as possible with workers before commencement of any activities where possible.

Term Paper Rhbill

Reproductive Health Bill: For Better or For Worse? I. Introduction Poverty and overpopulation are two of the biggest national concern the Philippines have right now. Many solutions have been made to alleviate these problems but none of them seem to work. One of which is The Reproductive Health Bill of the Philippines, or RH Bill. This bill allows Filipinos access to contraceptives and an opportunity to be enlightened on the topic of family planning. The bill was first introduced in 1998 but somewhat died in the years after.Not until the year 2011 that the Congress decided to once again open its door for discussion on the RH bill. The basic condition of this bill is to introduce Filipinos and distribute to them family planning devices. It also aims for health care centers all over the country to circulate information on how to properly use them. Companies and schools are also encouraged to do the same with their employees and students. Through this, the bill intends to alleviate the p roblem of overpopulation in the Philippines. The bill, like any other thing in the world, is surrounded by controversies.It is actually a really good bill but a lot of people are opposing it. The number one group who opposes it is the Catholic Church. Though not entirely stated in the bill, the Church implies that the bill entails abortion, something that is greatly against the teaching and morals of the Church. Now, is the RH Bill good for us or not? II. Body History According to the Senate Policy Brief titled  Promoting Reproductive Health, the history of reproductive health in the Philippines dates back to 1967 when leaders of 12 countries including the Philippines'  Ferdinand Marcos  signed the Declaration on Population.The Philippines agreed that the population problem should be considered as the principal element for long-term economic development. Thus, the Population Commission was created to push for a lower family size norm and provide information and services to low er fertility rates. Starting 1967, the USAID started shouldering 80% of the total family planning commodities (contraceptives) of the country, which amounted to US$ 3 Million annually. In 1975, the United States adopted as its policy the  National Security Study Memorandum 200: Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests (NSSM200). The policy gives â€Å"paramount importance† to population control measures and the promotion of contraception among 13 populous countries, including the Philippines to control rapid population growth which they deem to be inimical to the socio-political and economic growth of these countries and to the national interests of the United States, since the â€Å"U. S. economy will require large and increasing amounts of minerals from abroad†, and these countries can produce destabilizing opposition forces against the United States.It recommends the US leadership to â€Å"influence national leadersâ₠¬  and that â€Å"improved world-wide support for population-related efforts should be sought through increased emphasis on mass media and other population education and motivation programs by the UN, USIA, and USAID. Different presidents had different points of emphasis. President Marcos pushed for a systematic distribution of contraceptives all over the country, a policy that was called â€Å"coercive,† by its leading administrator.The Cory Aquino administration focused on giving couples the right to have the number of children they prefer, while the Ramos presidency shifted from population control to population management. Estrada used mixed methods of reducing fertility rates, while Arroyo focused on mainstreaming  natural family planning, while stating that contraceptives are openly sold in the country. In 1989, the Philippine Legislators’ Committee on Population and Development (PLCPD) was established, â€Å"dedicated to the formulation of viable public poli cies requiring legislation on population management and socio-economic development. In 2000, the Philippines signed the Millennium Declaration and committed to attain the MDG goals by 2015, including promoting gender equality and health. In 2003, USAID started its phase out of a 33-year-old program by which free contraceptives were given to the country. Aid recipients such as the Philippines faced the challenge to fund its own contraception program. In 2004, the Department of Health introduced the Philippines Contraceptive Self-Reliance Strategy, arranging for the replacement of these donations with domestically provided contraceptives.In August 2010, the government announced a collaborative work with the USAID in implementing a comprehensive marketing and communications strategy in favor of family planning called â€Å"May Plano Sila. † The Church’s View Versus Government’s View on RH Bill Love of Life The RH Bill is highly controversial, with experts, academic s, religious institutions, and major political figures supporting and opposing it, often criticizing the government and each other in the process. Debates and rallies proposing and opposing the bill have been happening nationwide.It is very obvious that the Catholic Church is one of the anti RH Bill. â€Å"It does not mean na pumayag na rin kaming gamitin ang mga artificial means (of contraception). No! The stand of the Church still remains to be ‘no to contraceptives’ and, definitely, ‘no to abortion. † (Msgr. Juanito Figura, 2011) â€Å"Artificial contraception eliminates the possibility of a pro-creative element. Kung hindi kasi open to life, the sexual intercourse would just be like for the human satisfaction and pleasure. When you engage in the sexual act that means you are ready to take the responsibility.The natural law is pro creation. † (Monsignor Paul Cuizon,2010) These statements clearly tell that the Catholic Church is not in favor in the idea of RH Bill and will never be in favor to it. According to the Church, the bill contradicts or disobeys the Fifth Commandment which is killing. The Fifth Commandment seeks to protect the very sacredness of human life by forbidding murder. (Abiog, 2005). But in the Old Testament, the sacredness of life could be safeguarded only by destroying the life of a murderer. Ex 21:17) Moreover, oral contraceptive pills have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as Group 1 carcinogens. The use of ORP has been associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer, cervical cancer, and cardiovascular diseases like stroke and blockage of veins. The Department of Health, on the other hand, states that family planning can reduce maternal mortality by about 32 percent. The bill is â€Å"meant to prevent maternal deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth,† said Clara Padilla of Engender Rights.She reported that â€Å"Daily, there are 11 women dying wh ile giving birth in the Philippines. These preventable deaths could have been avoided if more Filipino women have access to reproductive health information and healthcare. † (Wikipedia) According to the Department of Health, the bill protects the welfare of women. Through family planning, birthrates would be reduced, as well as maternal deaths. This also prevents the spread of HIV/AIDS and other, STIs/STDs, especially now that the number of HIV cases among young is simultaneously increasing. Poverty Caused by Overpopulation There are several studies showing the issue isn't overpopulation but the lack in distribution of wealth. † (Monsignor Paul Cuizon,2010). The Church viewed that overpopulation is not really the cause of poverty but the lack of job opportunities, lack of education and sometimes lack of self-discipline or laziness. If properly managed, the large number of population can be a good source of human resources and can contribute to the economic growth of our country. It is said that the Philippines remains one of the poorest countries in the world and the government insisted that not having a reproductive health law is cruelty to the poor.The poor are miserable because, among other reasons, they have so many children. Providing reproductive knowledge and information through government intervention is the humane thing to do. It can help the poor escape the vicious cycle of poverty by giving them options on how to manage their sexual lives, plan their families and control their procreative activities. The phrase â€Å"reproductive rights† includes the idea of being able to make reproductive decisions free from discrimination, coercion or violence. Summary of Major ProvisionsThe bill mandates the government to promote, without bias, all effective natural and modern methods of family planning that are medically safe and legal. Although abortion is recognized as illegal and punishable by law, the bill states that the government shall ensure that all women needing care for post-abortion complications shall be treated and counseled in a humane, non-judgmental and compassionate manner. The bill calls for a â€Å"multi-dimensional approach† integrates a component of family planning and responsible parenthood into all government anti-poverty programs.Under the bill, age-appropriate reproductive health and sexuality education is required from grade five to fourth year high school using â€Å"life-skills and other approaches. † The bill also mandates the Department of Labor and Employment to guarantee the reproductive health rights of its female employees. Employers with more than 200 employees shall provide reproductive health services to all employees in their own respective health facilities. Those with less than 200 workers shall enter into partnerships with health professionals for the delivery of reproductive health services.Employers shall inform employees of the availability of family planning ser vices. They are also obliged to monitor pregnant working employees among their workforce and ensure they are provided paid half-day prenatal medical leaves for each month of the pregnancy period that they are employed. The national government and local governments will ensure the availability of reproductive health care services, including family planning and prenatal care. Any person or public official who prohibits or restricts the delivery of legal and medically safe reproductive health care services will be meted penalty by imprisonment or a fine.Summary of Support Proponents argue: (1) Economic studies, especially the experience in Asia, show that rapid population growth and high fertility rates, especially among the poor, exacerbate poverty and make it harder for the government to address it. (2) Empirical studies show that poverty incidence is higher among big families. Smaller families and wider birth intervals could allow families to invest more in each child’s educa tion, health, nutrition and eventually reduce poverty and hunger at the household level. 3) Ten to eleven maternal deaths daily could be reduced if they had access to basic healthcare and essential minerals like iron and calcium, according to the DOH; (4) Studies show that 44% of the pregnancies in the poorest  quintile  are unanticipated, and among the poorest women who would like to avoid pregnancy, at least 41% do not use any contraceptive method because of lack of information or access. And â€Å"Among the poorest families, 22% of married women of reproductive age express a desire to avoid pregnancies but are still not sing any family planning method,† (5) Use of contraception, which the  World Health Organization  has listed as  essential medicines, will lower the rate of abortions as it has done in other parts of the world, according to the  Guttmacher Institute. (6) An SWS survey of 2008 showed that 71% of the respondents are in favor of the bill, (7) at th e heart of the bill is the free choice given to people on the use of reproductive health, enabling the people, especially the poor to have the number of children they want and can care for.Summary of Criticism Opponents of the bill argue that: (1) â€Å"The world's leading scientific experts† have resolved the issues related to the bill and show that the â€Å"RH Bill is based on wrong economics† as the 2003  Rand Corporation  study shows that â€Å"there is little cross-country evidence that population growth impedes or promotes economic growth†. (2) The bill takes away limited government funds from treating many high priority medical and food needs and transfers them to fund objectively harmful and deadly devices.The latest studies in scientific journals and organizations show that the ordinary  birth control pill, and the  IUD  are abortifacient to 100-celled human embryos: they kill the embryonic human, who as such are human beings equally worthy o f respect, making the bill unconstitutional. (3) US National Defense Consultant,  Lionel Tiger, has shown empirical evidence that contraceptives have deleterious social effects (abortion, premarital sex, female impoverishment, fatherless children, teenage pregnancies, and poverty).Harvard School of Public Health scientist Edward Green observes that ‘when people think they're made safe by using condoms at least some of the time, they actually engage in riskier sex', in the phenomenon called â€Å"risk compensation†. There is evidence for increased risk of cancer (breast, cervical, liver) as well as significant increase of risk for heart attack and stroke for current users of oral contraceptives.The increased usage of contraceptives, which implies that some babies are unwanted, will eventually lead to more abortion; the correlation was shown in a scientific journal and acknowledged by pro-RH leaders, (4) People's freedom to access contraceptives is not restricted by any opposing law, being available in family planning NGOs, stores, etc. The country is not a  welfare state: taxpayer's money should not be used for personal practices that are harmful and immoral; it can be used to inform people of the harm of BCPs. 5) The penal provisions constitute a violation of free choice and conscience, and establish  religious persecution. Sex Education The bill provides for mandatory reproductive health education and that it be taught in â€Å"an age-appropriate manner†¦ by adequately trained teachers starting from Grade 5 up to Fourth Year High School. † Opposition to the bill is concerned about early sexualization of the youth and says that sexuality education promoters themselves state that it has led to more teenage pregnancies and illegitimacy.They quote the Consortium of State Physicians Resource Councils, which said that â€Å"programs in safer sex education and condom distribution have not reduced the out-of-wedlock birth rates among s exually experienced teens. . . . The fact is, increased condom use by teens is associated with increased out-of-wedlock birth rates. † They stressed that what is needed is chastity education, especially taught by their parents, rather than sex education in school.Proponents refer to the latest UNESCO  study dated December 2009 which concluded that sexuality education did not encourage early initiation into sex, but actually increased the age at which people first engage in sexual activity. Advantages and Disadvantages of RH Bill The advantage of Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines is that hopes to provide midwives for skilled attendance to childbirth and emergency obstetric care, even in geographically isolated and depressed areas. Thus, the one of the causes of maternal mortality, that arising from unattended births, will be addressed.The disadvantage of the Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines is the undue focus being given to reproductive health and populat ion and development, when many more urgent and important health problems need to be addressed in the country, those that cause a significant number of deaths across the country such as cardiovascular diseases and infections. Financial resources allotted by foreign donors to assist the Philippine government programs could actually be better spent towards pursuing health programs targeting communicable diseases than purchasing artificial contraceptives.Abortion versus RH Bill â€Å"Life must be protected with the outmost care from the moment of conception. † (Batugal, 2008). This means that even the unborn child should be treated with the same respect as a live human being. When a fetus is terminated before he is able to live outside his mother’s womb, then that child is being aborted. Abortion is ending a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus. On the other hand, RH Bill promotes information on and access to both natural and modern family plann ing methods, which are medically safe and legally permissible.It assures an enabling environment where women and couples have the freedom of informed choice on the mode of family planning they want to adopt based on their needs, and personal convictions. The common purpose of the bill is to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It is very clear that abortion and RH Bill are two different things. The bill just prevents unwanted pregnancy while abortion is the will of either the mother or the father of the child to end the pregnancy. III. ConclusionThe Reproductive Health Bill guarantees universal access to methods on  contraception, fertility control,  sexual education, and maternal care. This bill aims to protect the health of both women and children, to fight or at least minimize the rapid population growth in our country, to prevent the spread of HIV and other STDs, and to fight poverty. While it is true that the bill will protect the welfare of women and children, the bill is still ver y controversial and rallies have been happening in the country. One of the groups opposing the RH Bill is the Catholic Church.According to the Church, the RH Bill is not the right way to fight poverty and it is against the Fifth Commandment of God for it destroys the life of an innocent child. Still, the government wants to pursue it and actually President Aquino already signed the bill. Even though, it was already signed, there are still a lot of questions thrown to the government, particularly if where are they going to get the fund to provide for those free contraceptives and why not just make another law that will truly help the whole citizenry. IV. Bibliography Books: Abiog, Myrna A. , et al. (2005).Journey of Fath: Old Testament. Quezon, City: FNB Educational, Inc. Batugal, Ma. Leodevina C. , et al. (2008). Maturing in Jesus Christ: Walking with Jesus in Freedom. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store. Dictionary: (1999). The New Choice English Dictionary. Yorkshire: Peter Haddlock Publishing Ltd. Webliography: (2013). Resposible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Responsible_Parenthood_and_Reproductive_Health_Act_of_2012 Aquino, Leslie Ann G. (2010). Catholic Church maintains stand on RH bill.Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://www. mb. com. ph/articles/293803/catholic-church-maintains-stand-rh-bill#. USmkNjBHLug Aquino, Leslie Ann G. (2011). Pope: No to RH, divorce. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://www. mb. com. ph/node/326152/pope-no-rh-divorce#. USmV6DBHLug Arcilla, Gigie. (2011). The Church on RH Bill. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://www. sunstar. com. ph/davao/weekend/church-rh-bill Balanquit, Romeo Mathew. (2011). Petition Paper on the RH Bill. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://www. ipetitions. com/petition/upiansonrhbill/