“The King of Torts” by John Grisham

Earth Carter is an open safeguard doing exhausting, low-paid, through which each starting legal advisor is to experience. Carter has been there for a really long time, and this activity doesn't bode anything to Carter†¦ up forthright, when he takes up the instance of Tequila Watson, a 20-year-old youth who has submitted a homicide apparently with no reasons†¦ Up direct, when Carter understands that underneath a trite case there is a genuine case, which is troublesome and risky, boding an immense measure of cash. This case can turn into the beginning of an astonishing legitimate profession †if Carter faces the challenge and stakes his all†¦This is the trap of the lawful anticipation spine chiller â€Å"The King of Torts† (2003) by John Grisham. The epic has a quick pace and dynamic plot, which takes Carter from the everyday post of open litigant to the financial cream of the general public. John Grisham, a previous legal advisor and now a fruitful author, is known for his infiltrating experiences into the American lawful framework, made in his various before books like â€Å"A Time to Kill†(1989) and â€Å"Runaway Jury† (1996).This time Grisham takes on the â€Å"torts†, legal advisors who lead suits against enormous enterprises for the sake of numerous individuals, who experienced the activities or results of this organization; the lawyer gets a significant percent from all payouts everything being equal and his payout can be estimated in billions. As Clay Carter connects with into the instance of Tequila Watson, he finds a tremendous scheme, where the enormous pharmaceutical organization is included. Enticed by the secretive more bizarre Max, he dives into tort business and is before long named â€Å"king of torts† for his success.He begins having a lavish existence, living in a sumptuous house and driving a dark Porsche; notwithstanding, everything has its cost. The cost of achievement for Carter is his g ood and expert standards, which he enthusiastically sells in return for notoriety and fortune.In this novel, Grisham makes a troubling critique on the American lawful framework, which has transformed into a machine for winning cash for lawyers. Aside from the energizing plot, the most holding anticipation lies in the demeanor of the peruser to the hero. Carter is clearly corrupting, however will the peruser find â€Å"extenuating circumstances† to legitimize him or if nothing else to comprehend his destruction? This is an inquiry, which you can answer simply in the wake of turning the last page of this holding thriller.ReferencesGrisham, J. (2003). The King of Torts. New York: Doubleday.

Teamwork - Collaboration vs. Competition in Business is similiar in Essay

Cooperation - Collaboration versus Rivalry in Business is similiar in sports - Essay Example Sports is recreation, a method of diversion, it very well may be for amusement or side interest while business for the greater part of us is for living. Assortments are accessible in both the exercises. Business can be of changing size adhering to various modern principles and sports are additionally from singular business visionary to huge associations. On the off chance that a game where group execution is included is contrasted and an association or a unit of association some significant highlights are as per the following: The shared objective of winning is significant for the community oriented endeavors. Certain degree of rivalry will be consistently there inside an association or group among the players to demonstrate one better than the other. It turns into the obligation of the pioneer or the head to guide them as per vision and objectives and take out best from them. Cooperation is a communitarian exertion of the individuals from group towards a very much characterized objective. Maxwell has given The 17 Indisputable Laws of Teamwork. These laws are extremely huge and spread practically all the action or activity of any group. This law clarifies the need of community endeavors to accomplish any objective. In a business where different divisions and individuals from various fields and zones are enlisted to accomplish objectives of benefits, not single tasks or advertising office will be accomplish objectives of benefit alone. Showcasing individuals make guarantees for what to be conveyed and the tasks individuals convey these guarantees. This is a wide case of business. To accomplish significance the quality will originate from being together. In this condition the centrality of a solitary part is in the group not the only one. Inside a group with synergistic endeavors the individual may contribute accomplishing a similar objective which he would have never been accomplished alone. At the point when an individual works in a group he takes a gander at the master plan of the presentation. This image is introduced to him by the group chief of the group. The most significant thing for the individuals becomes Goal

Risks And Process Of Waste Incineration Environmental Sciences Essay

Dangers And Process Of Waste Incineration Environmental Sciences Essay It is indicated, under this demonstration that that waste is discarded or recouped without putting human wellbeing in danger and without hurting the earth specifically, for example, air, water, creatures, plants or soil and furthermore It ought not cause any foul smell or clamor around to influence any person. (Ecological Protection) A portion of different enactments that can be recorded are according to follows. 2. The Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994 3. Condition Act 1995 4. Squander Minimisation Act (1998) 5. Contamination Prevention and Control Act (1999) 6. The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 2005 7. The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006. (UK Waste㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) It ought to be noticed that the above rundown isn't thorough. The motivation behind all these enactment is to ensure the earth and every single normal substance, for example, air, water, land, creature, plants and environmental factors from the evil impacts of risky synthetic substances and modern squanders. The Risks Associated with Existing Incineration Sites Cremations are not a correct waste removal strategy for the accompanying reasons. Annihilating Valuable Resources Burning of waste essentially implies that materials have been utilized just a single time and afterward are annihilated. All characteristic assets that we utilize have limited supplies. Every single characteristic asset whether it is iron, aluminum, copper, plastic, glass don't have boundless supplies then for what reason would we say we are not thinking on reusing of these regular assets? Valuable common living spaces and timberlands in Indonesia, Brazil, Malaysia, and Myanmar were abused on mass scale for the flexibly of timber and creation of mash for paper factories. This is additionally the motivation behind why a portion of the animal varieties have become wiped out and characteristic environmental framework has been placed in risk. Wood and paper reusing is need of the day to spare our timberland territory. So far as that is concerned reusing of all normal produce is a need in these regularly expanding buyer requests. A little report on SELCHP Incinerator It is a legend that incinerators finish the waste. Einsteins guideline remains constant here likewise that issue can't be devastated yet are just changed starting with one structure then onto the next. Basically, incinerators don't wreck them they simply convert it into gases and debris. Family squander which is a mixed drink of numerous hurtful substances when consumed in incinerator produce numerous destructive gases and part of it gets discharged into air through fireplace. The buildup known as debris goes for landfill. Incinerators consume the squanders that make harmful exhaust. In spite of the fact that the standards are made by administrative specialists; regularly they are damaged by the incinerator administrators. Two incinerators that are in activity in south London (SELCHP) and North London (Edmonton) were fined for encroachments multitudinous occasions over the most recent 15 years. It is realized that local waste contains fluorescent cylinders and bulbs which have mercury in it, plastic materials, cadmium and numerous other destructive mixes. Additionally, a portion of the electrical machines contain cadmium, chromium and lead. They cause progressively unstable mixes in the warmth of incinerator and create hazardous fumes which get escape from smokestacks of the incinerator into the climate dirtying common habitat and air. (SELCHP INCINERATOR 2002) Dioxin-a most Potent Threat to the Mankind The plastic materials like PVC, CPVC which contain bound chlorine with them and discharge dioxins when gets copied. Dioxin, most poisonous substance second just to radioactive waste, falls under the class of super-harmful synthetic concoctions that structures during consuming of plastics and natural synthetic concoctions. Before, individuals were made to leave the spots, for example, Love Canal and Times Beach, Missouri because of unnecessary sullying of dioxin. Different plasticizers utilized underway procedures of plastic are likewise unsafe when get singed in the incinerator as they discharge harmful gases which thusly get discharged in the environment. In any event for last over 25 years incinerators are utilized to consume mechanical and clinical waste. An enormous rundown of residential items utilizing vinyl plastics when consumed in cremation is an explanation of expanded degree of dioxin, which spreads choosing crops that are along these lines eaten by steers. It not just pollutes lakes, waterways and other water source yet additionally aggregates in the fat tissues of the creatures and emitted in milk and meat items. Dioxin is discharged by the human and creature body gradually and they are for the most part indestructible. (Dioxin 2011) Most Potential Reasons That Go Against Incinerators Incinerators emanate gigantic measure of ozone depleting substances, for example, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and make change in worldwide atmosphere. Incinerators radiate more measure of Carbon dioxide in contrast with any non-renewable energy source based force plant that incorporates coal based force plant per unit creation of power. (Consuming waste㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) Enterprises of the territory exploit the circumstance. Ventures around dump their poisonous waste to dispose of and in this way advantageously conceal their grimy practices. In a manner they utilize the cremation framework to further their potential benefit and proceed with their activities at the expense of society. Incinerators remove the reusing prospects of common materials and along these lines make the wastage of the normal asset. The conceivable outcomes of additional activity manifestations in reusing businesses are removed by the exorbitant cremation innovations. As it were, it is a gigantic misuse of normal assets as well as open cash. (Reusing versus㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) It is a legend that incinerators produce vitality from squander yet in all actuality by consuming the waste they increment the utilization of new materials. This will in general increment the vitality utilization in delivering those materials. Vitality utilization is at any rate 4-5 times more in creating new material in contrast with reusing of those materials. (Consuming waste㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) Lingering debris produced is nearly seen as 30 percent of the first waste by weight and that should be discarded to landfill destinations. The debris is harmful and however all safety measures are taken in land fill, they may get spilled into groundwater. All poisons being in debris has progressively possibility of filtering then when they are in unburned state. According to the EU commission, draining from landfills will be one of the most potential wellsprings of dioxins in coming years. The landfill territory has been aggregating immense measure of remains by consuming the loss in incinerators and will be a genuine worry for consistent wellspring of poisons in the water streams and afterward it will be hard to expel it and safeguard our water sources. The ruined water from such cancer-causing mixes will bring a fate for society on the loose. (SCHARFF H) The base debris is being utilized for development purposes; nonetheless, this is a long way from being sheltered. Chiefly the debris is being utilized for the street development and the debris primarily contains lead, arsenic, sulfates, zinc, that are in unbound state and not appropriate for use in street development. The specialists grant base debris for street upkeep and development and liable to cause filtering in underground wellspring of water ruining great water source. It is to be remembered that the debris containing exceptionally harmful materials, for example, dioxins and overwhelming metals gets all opportunity of filtering to the encompassing soils and can ruin the farming area for all time. This is exceptionally perilous as in it can ruin the food items, for example, grains, products of the soil which are devoured by people. No observing is being done on such development and on its delayed consequences and it isn't realized what cost society may need to pay for such prac tices over the long haul. The draining of these mixes will principally occur seriously during precipitation, day off blustery condition. Incinerator debris is as of now being utilized by Birmingham City Council for street working in gigantic sum. Indeed, even in the capital city of London, its utilization has been made at the spots like Waltham Forest, Enfield, Greenwich and Essex. It is being utilized widely in street development yet without legitimate observing and realizing that how and in what force it can ruin great arable land and water sources. (What Happens㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) Incinerator Report in Byker, Newcastle Episode on Byker plant in Newcastle is significant. On the request of neighborhood people and numerous condition protectionists that they don't need incinerator any further, metropolitan board consented to take the supply of the circumstance. A working gathering was shaped involving neighborhood occupants, different organizations and board individuals to look at the issues and recommendations. Since 1994, base and fly debris from incinerators were utilized in getting ready way material in and around Newcastle and absolute materials utilized were to the tune of 2000 tons. Starting tests demonstrated nearness of overwhelming metals and on open interest the Council consented to complete further testing at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. (Dioxins found㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) The outcomes demonstrated multiple times more dioxin level than the ordinary levels. Indeed, even locales which were not dumped with debris demonstrated increased degrees of dioxin showing that stack emanations had fouled them. (Dioxins found㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) Scientists at Newcastle University analyzed 16 distribution destinations where the debris was utilized; 13 were found to have intensely raised degrees of copper, lead and zinc, as announced by the paper Guardian in its issue 26 May, 2000. (Dioxins found㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) Elective Plan to Handle Municipal Waste The facts confirm that landfill region must be diminished for a few reasons. European Landfill Directive requests extensive decrease in the amount of biodegradable waste removal. It has defined three stage decrease in squander going for land filling. Accepting 1995 as standard, the initial step decrease is set a

Fraud Fears in Internet Banking 1.Introduction Dissertation

Extortion Fears in Internet Banking 1.Introduction - Dissertation Example Banking industry is the same; banking activities and procedures have gotten increasingly available and advantageous for the clients because of the presentation of web banking. Banking tasks are not, at this point confined to the restricted business hours of the bank, rather should be possible whenever by means of the web. In any case, this innovation has additionally demonstrated to make customers’ subtleties and scholarly resources of the organizations defenseless within the sight of expanding security dangers from programmers and interlopers. Web cheats identified with the financial segment have become significant worries for clients around the globe. The absolute most normal internet banking cheats have been talked about in the paper, alongside the conversation of not many genuine cases of such wrongdoings. 2. Internet Banking Web banking offers a wide scope of exercises like parity requests, move of records and so on. The securing and move of client subtleties and data on the web makes the entire procedure helpless, alongside the nearness of web tricks that intend to take the data of clients. Money related organizations have endured incredible misfortunes throughout the years by turning out to be survivors of noxious exercises of digital hoodlums. Cicutti (2008) cited the aftereffects of an examination concentrate by Association of Payment Clearing Services (Apacs); it presumed that occasions of ‘cardholder not present’ are expanding around 37% after consistently. The misfortunes came to a tremendous measure of ?290m in 2007. These figures incorporate fake endeavors by means of the web, mail and telephone. Hardly any different figures have been accounted for by Financial Fraud Action UK in Sky News (2009); it brought up that lone first 50% of 2009 denoted a 55% expansion in the pace of web ba nking fakes with the figure of ?390m when contrasted with the figures for the year 2008. The disturbing addition of web banking wrongdoings signify that the digital lawbreakers are getting more innovation insightful who are embracing imaginative advancements to conquer the safety efforts of the budgetary foundations to disregard the security of the customers’ information. Web banking has been broadly acknowledged by clients because of its accommodation. Spam Laws (2009) expressed that around 45% of the 141 million adults in US decide on online installment of their bills. Alongside accommodation, comes a colossal cost for the clients who incline toward web based banking. Spam Laws (2009) additionally gave the data that around 2 million Americans became casualties of false activities in the year 2004, where clients were accounted for to endure misfortunes of around $1, 200 on normal at each case of extortion. After the examination of the discoveries, it was presumed that the ex panding number of fake activities were referred to have the source as internet banking. 2.1 Types of Internet Frauds There are various sorts of web banking fakes. Not many of the most widely recognized ones have been examined underneath: 2.1.1 Phishing/Scam Emails The idea of phishing begins from two words; secret phrase and angling. Zin andYunos (2005) clarified that this method is utilized to recover customer’s bank subtleties by making the movement resemble an ordinary system from his separate bank. A few sorts of data might be planned to be removed by the client, for example, government managed savings numbers, web based financial certifications, Visa numbers and so on. The sender may posture to be a bank official who needs to refresh the customer’s information in the bank database. Beneficiaries may answer to such messages with the understanding that it is a

Questions to Ask Yourself Before You Divorce

Questions to Ask Yourself Before You Divorce Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Questions to Ask Yourself Before You Divorce By Marni Feuerman Marni Feuerman is a psychotherapist in private practice who has been helping couples with marital issues for more than 27 years. Learn about our editorial policy Marni Feuerman Updated on February 21, 2020 Glow Images, Inc/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse So, you have gotten to a point in your marriage where you are seriously considering divorce. This decision has potentially serious negative consequences for you, your spouse, and those you are close to within your life. It is a choice that must be thought through deliberately and carefully. What Has Gotten You to the Point Where Divorce Is the Option? This is complicated and it will be difficult for you to be objective. Have you  grown apart and become disconnected? Have your conflicts been handled poorly? Are you avoidant and unwilling to communicate? Some people say that their feelings are gone. This is a sad and painful place to be. If you are having an affair, then you will not have a clear idea about your feelings towards your spouse. It is completely unrealistic to compare your spouse with your new lover. Feelings were once there or there never would have been a second date, much less a marriage. To get your feelings back, you must be willing to put behavior before feelings. Acting as if you have loving feelings may have a very surprising and positive impact on your interactions with your spouse. If you are not willing to look at your own contributions to the state of your marriage, you will most certainly carry some of your problems into your next relationship. It is imperative for you to think about what you need to change. Why not practice that with your spouse? Solid Ways to Strengthen a Marriage and Avoid Divorce What Have You Done to Try to Fix the Problems? If you have never been to marriage counseling together, then what would be the downside to trying? Alternatively, maybe you did try, but it was not your best effort. Perhaps the therapist you chose was not a good fit for one or both of you. Or, as is sometimes the case, one or both of you were not completely honest about everything. At this crisis point in your marriage, seek out a highly qualified marriage therapist.??  Now is also not the time to be cheap about it. This is too important a decision. Chances are you both have been poor problem solvers regarding your marital issues and need professional help. Go into counseling with an agenda for change in yourself, not what you want to change in your partner, to have a much better chance of success. What Will the Impact Be on Your Children? If you have children that are still at home, you must think through how this will affect their lives. This will be something that will change them in significant ways regardless of how smooth you believe the divorce process will be for you and your spouse. Contrary to what you might be telling yourself unless there is a significant amount of conflicts  such as loud and frequent fighting or abuse, your kids just want a home with you both in it. Research shows that kids do better emotionally with you together, even if you are unhappy, rather than divorced.?? Having two households is not fun for them and it may actually not be for you. You may even come to regret your divorce, as many people do. Will you be okay with your spouses new romantic partner being around your kids? You will not be able to control this. Blended families pose lots of complications. The divorce rate is worse for subsequent marriages.?? Since the odds are not in your favor, why not try to make your current situation better? What Were the Best Times in Your Relationship? When have you felt the most connection with your spouse? What was happening when you felt the most joy and happiness? Think about what attracted you to your partner. What traits did you fall in love with (even if they may be making your crazy now)? Only focus at this moment on the positives. Are you able to imagine getting back to that place? If you can imagine it, chances are you can get there with the right process. Do not stay in the bubble of indecisiveness for too long. It may seem comfortable, but you really just have three choices: (1) remain the same and continue along as-is, (2) move toward separation and divorce, (3) try an all-out effort to reconcile. Ambivalence, or “sitting on the fence,” can be worked through and is best done with the right professional.?? In fact, a process called discernment counseling  has proven to be highly effective at helping couples on the brink of divorce work through their decision rather than stay indefinitely in a place of indecisiveness and unhappiness. There are also a few books for those more interested in self-help: ?Divorce Busting  by Michele Weiner-DavisDivorce Remedy  by Michele Weiner-DavisShould I Try to Work It Out?: A Guidebook for Individuals and Couples at the Crossroads of Divorce  by Alan Hawkins, Tamara Fackrell,  and  Steven Harris Even if you are both on different pages right now, it is time to face this difficult situation. At the very least, your vows obligate you to work on a troubled marriage before giving up.

Why College Is More Than Just Your Campus

I think it’s so sad when people say they never ventured far off campus for all of freshman year. If you’re in a new place, there’s so much to see and there’s never been a better opportunity to see it. Take advantage while you can because college is only four years. Understand the place you live I think there’s something important about knowing, understanding and being conscious of the place you live. Don’t separate yourself from your surroundings. You’re not just there to do homework and go to parties. You’re there for new experiences and to open yourself up to the rest of the world, as well as to learn. Endless opportunities Living in a new place means that you now have so many opportunities to see so many new things that you would never have gotten to see, especially if your college is far away from home. Don’t less these opportunities go to waste. Get used to living in the real world By leaving campus often, you get more of a taste of what it’s like to live in the real world because you won’t have the sheltered college mindset that your campus is the whole world. Exploring is simple Getting off campus can be as simple as trying out a new restaurant every week. If you split entrees with friends, it can end up being pretty cheap. Try out doing typical touristy stuff, which is often free because you can do things like going to a famous, public park or exploring a cool neighborhood. Even if you just go a few blocks off campus and see what the surrounding area is like, it’s better than nothing.

European Exploration And Conquest Of Latin America

Before European exploration and conquest in Latin America the indigenous people lived off the land working mainly to support themselves. Despite having conflicts of their own, most Latin American tribes would coexist peacefully relative to what was to come. Some, more advanced civilizations, such as the Aztec, did have conditions somewhat similar to those that would soon spread to the rest of Latin America. When European settlers started to take over the Americas, however, conditions got markedly worse. With more land than they knew what to do with and abundant valuable natural resources, greed quickly became the driving force behind most of the settler’s actions. Slavery became a tremendously important aspect of both society and economics in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese colonies through the encomienda system of forced labor. Although European settlers had nearly identical goals, slavery had distinct roles in their individual colonial economies and societies. Europe an settlers began to travel to and colonize Latin America in the late 15th century searching for wealth and new opportunities. Around the same time both North and South America were being colonized by Spain, Great Britain, France and Portugal. The main goal for all of these nations was to obtain wealth from valuable metals such as gold and silver. From the very beginning colonization was driven mainly by greed. This greed was somewhat satisfied for nations that colonized areas which had gold and silverShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Age Of Exploration1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe age of exploration is a period of time from the 15th century to the 18th century where exploration and new discovery grow rapidly for the Europeans. It represent a time of both good and bad when the Europeans founded new lands and colonize them, such as the New World. To them, they had greatly benefited as their power grew but for others, their land were invaded and lost many lives. The Spanish and the Port uguese are two main leaders of Europe that began the movement of exploration and colonizationRead MoreThe European Expansion and Its Impact on Indigenous People774 Words   |  4 PagesBurlingham History 110B 02 October 2012 The European Expansion and Its Impact on Indigenous People 15th and 16th century European conquest in Africa and Latin America was significant for global expansion. Important areas such as the West African coast and Mexico were explored, making this period of time momentous. However, what was even more noteworthy were the similar methods that the Europeans used while intruding upon both the foreign lands. The Europeans showed little respect towards African andRead MoreThe Age Of Exploration By Christopher Columbus1358 Words   |  6 Pagesseventeenth century is known as the â€Å"Age of Exploration†. Europe began to colonize the countries they had â€Å"discovered†. A major part of the world that they colonized was Latin America. 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For instance, Mark Burkholder and Lyman Johnson’s work on colonial Latin America starts in with the Spanish Reconquista, but traces the originsRead MoreDBQ-Mongols,Spanish,India1054 Words   |  5 Pagescenturies. However, the assimilation of much of the Eurasian landmass into the Mongol empire as well as the later European exploration of the Americas contributed to the creation of prolonged global connections in which the worldà ¢â‚¬â„¢s major continents were connected. Two of the most notable developments include the caravel, which aided European explorers in their conquest of the Americas, and the stirrup and composite bow, which the Mongols used to conquer Eurasia and eventually led to the Pax MongolicaRead MoreResearch Paper - Is Christopher Columbus a Hero or Villain2022 Words   |  9 Pagesnew world and jumpstarted an age of exploration like no other. 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Personal Health Of Public Health - 1465 Words

Health is the most precious asset in the possession of human beings. From my classroom experience and through interaction with literature texts, I have come to the conclusion that people can be responsible for their health. As a student of public health, it is important to maintain good personal health in order to address the public health problems in the future. To be responsible for my personal health, I have taken the initiative to implement a personal health behavior changing plan to test whether a positive reinforcement of rewarding myself to watch one episode of my favorite TV show each night is an effective method to change my eating habit in a short period of time. According to my health report generated by Blue Zones, I have a very unhealthy eating habit. I do not consume enough fruits and vegetables. One of the suggestions they give to me is to enjoy some fruit and vegetables every day, by which I could add 377 days to my life expectancy. As a result, I set my short term goal to be meeting the recommendation of daily fruit and vegetable intake (2.5 cups of fruits and 3.5 cups of vegetables) made by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention base on my age (22), sex (male) and level of physical activity (30 – 60 minutes per day). In the long run, I hope to maintain a healthy eating habit without any intervention. According to CDC, One cup refers to a common measuring cup (the kind used in recipes). In general, 1 cup of raw or cooked vegetables or 100%Show MoreRelatedPersonal Statement Of Public Health Research Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Purpose I’d fallen ill while visiting my grandparents in the northern part of Nigeria and was taken to a 2-room health facility where I witnessed an unfathomable scene. In the hallway, lying on a wooden bench, a pregnant woman moaned loudly, in labor. Tossing and turning, she flinched in pain as she reached around the rusted nails protruding from the bench while simultaneously following the midwife’s directions. For many weeks, I couldn’t get the image out of my head. I remember thinkingRead MorePersonal Statement For Public Health Arena897 Words   |  4 Pagesexplore health problems in my community. One day after another, I realized how poor was the quality of health services and health education among patients and how it deeply affected people in my community. Most importantly, the lack of attention government and local leaders paid to public health issues, have led me to realize that it is not more physicians as to what our country needs, but someone to point out problems and propose effective solutions.. 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According to a latest report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  on November 11, 2015 obesity rates among U.S. adults increased from 30 % in 2003 to 36.5 % in 2011-2014. The estimated annual health care costs of obesity-related illness is approximately $190 billion

The Main Parts Of The Constitution - 888 Words

The main parts of the constitution are preamble, articles, and the amendments. So the preamble is the introduction. Also, the article explains how the government works and the amendments are all 27 amendments. The preamble starts by stating the goals of the constitution. It explains that the U.S wants to form a better country. In addition, the United States wants to have peace in the country by defending the country. Also, the constitution explains to help everyone live in a better Nameless environment and for our children. In a result, this will make peace in our country. Nameless Island should have a plan of government. So, there are three different branches which are legislative, executive, and judicial branch. Legislative branch is when Congress makes laws and it divides into a Senate and House representative. Both make rules for election members, give powers to Congress and limit powers. The executive branch is setting up the presidency and vice presidency to carry out laws. Als o, making election rules, taking charge, and the powers of presidency. The Judicial Branch sets up the Supreme Court, the duties and powers of the federal courts and judicial reviews. So for example, Articles of Confederation it is a loose confederation of Independent states with little power in central government. The articles most decisions were made in state legislatures. It s provided for a central government of sorts but it has few responsibilities and virtually no power. This could makeShow MoreRelatedThe Main Role As Part Of The Constitution1710 Words   |  7 Pages Despite the fact that definition and nature of conventions is uncertain it is obvious that they have a significant role as part of UK constitution. To understand how conventions are sufficient as a sources of the constitution it is necessary to discuss their nature first, then continue with analysis on how they operate from a wider prospective and finally, emphasize their strengths and weaknesses. 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A Research Study On Primary Source And Primary Sources For...

1.6. Literature Sources 1.6.1. Primary source: A primary source is defined as a document or a source of research data built up at the same time as the research subject and directly connected to the events or people being research (Concordia Library, 2010). Primary sources can be in form of diaries, speeches, letters (Concordia Library, 2010). The first primary source that will be used is a webpage called â€Å"Positive parenting tips† by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the USA in 2015. The webpage is about how children develop in different periods of their lives and tips for parents of children in different age groups. The information was written by a governmental organization with many experts in the US which makes it very reliable to the readers. However, most of the data is about parenting and child development, which is not relative to this research. The researcher has decided to use the age groups divided and named by this organization to answer Research Question 1 about the general background of colour as a marketing technique for child-oriented food products. The second primary source will be used is â€Å"Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Food and Non-alcoholic beverage to Children† published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010. This is a PDF file about the current condition of child-oriented food marketing in the view of health activists. The document is very up-to-date, valid and reliable as it is built up by WHO, one of the mostShow MoreRelatedThe Health s Conditions Of Population And Young Generation Around The World And Actions1640 Words   |  7 Pagesin public place. 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Effective Listening Free Essays

In a monthly marketing meeting, the marketing manager wants 5 of his staffs to conduct a research on market share on 5 different areas. Each staff is assigned a territory. The manager rejects, one month later in the same meeting, one of the 5 reports because the research is on the wrong territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we assume the ability of all staffs is the same, then it is obviously a communication breakdown that causes the wrong research was conducted. The consequence of misunderstanding may be costly to a company. Often when a misunderstanding occurs on the job, it is attributed to a lack of communication, which most of time implies that whoever was delivering the message did not do an effective job. But what about the other side, the listener? Listening is important in business because it is the communication skill most often used in human interaction (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.56). Between 45 and 55 percent of people’s communication time will be spent in listening to others (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.6, Werner 1975, p.26). However, listening is not a skill that most people perform well. Studies show that people do not listen effectively. On an average, people listen only at 25% efficiency (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.ix). It is difficult to define listening, but generally it can be defined as † a receiver orientation to the communication process; since communication involves both a source and a receiver, listening consist of the roles receivers play in the communication process† (Floyd 1985, p.9). Listening is a process that includes hearing, attending to, understanding, evaluating and responding to spoken messages. (Floyd 1985, p.9) Our own listening habits have been developed since we were born. Such habits are so well established that we perform them without thinking. But unfortunately, such habits are usually undesirable and lead to poor listening. There are numbers of reasons for ineffective listening. These do not apply equally to all listeners and the degree to which they do apply will vary from different situation, speaker, topic and so forth, They represent common and important reasons for ineffective listening: Rehearsing Your whole attention is designing and preparing â€Å"what to say next†. You look interested, but your minds are miles away because you are thinking about the next comment. Judging Negatively labeling people can be extremely limiting. Everyone has biases, but it leads to ineffective listening. For example you hear a speaker discuss an idea that you don’t like, you might stop paying attention to that speaker says, you might distort the message, and therefore failing to understand it because of prejudgment. As a result, your evaluation of the speaker and /or message could be unfair or in error (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.59). So, A basic rule of effective listening is to that judgements should only be made after you have heard and evaluated the content of the message (Johnson). Identifying You take everything people tell you and refer it back to your own experience. They may want to tell you about a car’s braking system, but that reminds you of your car accident. You launch into your story before they can finish theirs (Johnson). Talking rather than listening We too often love to hear our own voice and feel that our comments and ideas are always right (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.58). You are a great problem solver that you do not have to hear more than a few sentences before you begin searching for the right advice. But, while you are coming up with suggestions, you may have missed what is most important. Sometimes, people argue and debate with others who never feel heard because these people are so quick to disagree. In fact these people’s main focus is on finding things to disagree with. Filtering We usually filter out messages and listen only to those topics and materials that we want to hear. We will stop paying attention to those topics that we do not want to hear, such as messages that criticize us. Then we cannot be corrected, and we cannot take suggestions to change (Johnson). Placation As we have been taught to be nice, pleasant and supportive to others, we seldom criticize others especially when others are telling you things that we want to hear. But too hasty acceptance of messages that tells us what we like and want to hear can lead to serious problems (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We may half-listen just enough to get the drift, but not really involved. Instead, we should be careful to pay attention, to comprehend, and then to analyze and evaluate what speakers say (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60) Distraction A distraction is anything that pulls your attention away from that which you want, or need, to pay attention to (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). It is difficult to avoid distraction. There may be distraction in the environment and within you – day dreaming. When we dream, we pretend to listen but we actually drift about in our interior fantasies. Instead of disciplining ourselves to truly concentrate on the input, we turn the channel to a more entertaining subject. We may have missed some important points while we are dreaming. It is the major reason for ineffective listening. Fear of difficult This block applied when we need to listen and understand new materials or subjects that are new, difficult and challenging to us. In such situation, it is difficult to listen (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We always try to avoid or rationalize these subjects and not to listen. It is mainly due to the fear of failing. People does not like failing and try any methods to avoid it. There are numbers of ways to avoid failure. We stop paying attention to the subject and spend our time to somewhere else. Then we may tell ourselves, we are not fail to understand the topic, but refused to deal with it. Rationalization also helps people to avoid failure (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We usually hold someone else responsible for the consequences of not listening or understanding by saying the material is â€Å"boring†, † stupid†, â€Å"nothing to do with my daily work† and so forth. But as a result, we still do not understand the material. Like any other skill, the first step to improve listening is to understand of what you can do or stop doing in order to get better. The second step is to practice the new skill over and over again to make it as your habit. We have examined the blocks for effective listening. Let us move on to the elements to improve effective listening. There are 2 major elements to improve effective listening, namely comprehension and Analysis/Evaluation. Comprehension means that you are able to understand the speaker (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). There are some basic ways to improve our ability to understand speakers. The first step towards more effective listening comprehension is paying increased attention (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). Attention is your focus to the speaker and his/her material and sustaining the focus. Paying long and well enough attention help you to keep these verbal and nonverbal stimuli into your long-term memory. Then you are able to compare the information with new and old materials. Otherwise, information not stored in long term memory will be lost in a second and you are not able to understand the content because you will bot remember it (Tyson 1982). Everyone can increase attention by realizing its importance, avoid common tendency to day dream, fighting the tendency to give in to external and internal distractions, remove distractions if possible or learn to listen over distraction. We have the ability to listen to and understand speech even when there are severe distraction (Moore 1977, p.239). The second step to improve your ability to understand speaker is to understand the nature of non-verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is any communication expressed not in words but in body motion, paralanguage (how something is said), proxemics (the use of space), artifacts (physical objects), or environment (Knapp 1980, p. 4-11). It serves a variety of functions that to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, or regulate verbal communication (Knapp 1978, p. 38). However, it does not mean nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication. In case nonverbal communication is contradicted to verbal communication, it does not always the case that nonverbal communication is more reliable. The third step towards more effective listening is to increase your ability to comprehend verbal symbols, or message (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63). Although it is the speaker’s responsibility to make himself/herself clear and meaningful, communication is a two way process that listener has the same responsibility to understand speaker’s materials. This task can be accomplished by (1) increasing the quality and quantity of your experience, (2) learning to use context as a mean of increasing your understanding, (3) keeping your bias away, (4) controlling any fear of failure, (5) improve your vocabulary (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63-64), and (6) feedback to confirm your interpretation. The next element that helps to improve effective listening is analysis and evaluation. Once you have attended to and understood the speaker, you are ready to analyze and evaluate the message. Analysis is to examine the message in order to learn what the meanings are. Evaluation is the rendering of judgement on message to decide the value of the message. Both analytical and evaluative functions require you to examine a speaker’s support and reasoning, such as data, conclusion, reasoning process, examples and statistics. Effective listening will benefit as well as those who work with you. It breaks up the barriers between people and can understand each other more. In workplace, effective listening minimize the losses of potential revenues which may result from shipping the wrong products to customers. Or from miscommunication objectives and priorities among staffs. Or even from time lost because of having to re-communicate a second or third time to get things straightened out. To listen effectively, one must be positive, active, prevent affected by blocks we mentioned earlier, paying and sustain enough attention to the speaker, able to analyze after understanding. It is not an easy skill, but it is the most fundamental and powerful skill we need. When someone is willing to stop talking or thinking and begin truly listening to others, all of their interactions become easier, and communication problems are all but eliminated. How to cite Effective Listening, Essay examples Effective Listening Free Essays In a monthly marketing meeting, the marketing manager wants 5 of his staffs to conduct a research on market share on 5 different areas. Each staff is assigned a territory. The manager rejects, one month later in the same meeting, one of the 5 reports because the research is on the wrong territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we assume the ability of all staffs is the same, then it is obviously a communication breakdown that causes the wrong research was conducted. The consequence of misunderstanding may be costly to a company. Often when a misunderstanding occurs on the job, it is attributed to a lack of communication, which most of time implies that whoever was delivering the message did not do an effective job. But what about the other side, the listener? Listening is important in business because it is the communication skill most often used in human interaction (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.56). Between 45 and 55 percent of people’s communication time will be spent in listening to others (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.6, Werner 1975, p.26). However, listening is not a skill that most people perform well. Studies show that people do not listen effectively. On an average, people listen only at 25% efficiency (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.ix). It is difficult to define listening, but generally it can be defined as † a receiver orientation to the communication process; since communication involves both a source and a receiver, listening consist of the roles receivers play in the communication process† (Floyd 1985, p.9). Listening is a process that includes hearing, attending to, understanding, evaluating and responding to spoken messages. (Floyd 1985, p.9) Our own listening habits have been developed since we were born. Such habits are so well established that we perform them without thinking. But unfortunately, such habits are usually undesirable and lead to poor listening. There are numbers of reasons for ineffective listening. These do not apply equally to all listeners and the degree to which they do apply will vary from different situation, speaker, topic and so forth, They represent common and important reasons for ineffective listening: Rehearsing Your whole attention is designing and preparing â€Å"what to say next†. You look interested, but your minds are miles away because you are thinking about the next comment. Judging Negatively labeling people can be extremely limiting. Everyone has biases, but it leads to ineffective listening. For example you hear a speaker discuss an idea that you don’t like, you might stop paying attention to that speaker says, you might distort the message, and therefore failing to understand it because of prejudgment. As a result, your evaluation of the speaker and /or message could be unfair or in error (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.59). So, A basic rule of effective listening is to that judgements should only be made after you have heard and evaluated the content of the message (Johnson). Identifying You take everything people tell you and refer it back to your own experience. They may want to tell you about a car’s braking system, but that reminds you of your car accident. You launch into your story before they can finish theirs (Johnson). Talking rather than listening We too often love to hear our own voice and feel that our comments and ideas are always right (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.58). You are a great problem solver that you do not have to hear more than a few sentences before you begin searching for the right advice. But, while you are coming up with suggestions, you may have missed what is most important. Sometimes, people argue and debate with others who never feel heard because these people are so quick to disagree. In fact these people’s main focus is on finding things to disagree with. Filtering We usually filter out messages and listen only to those topics and materials that we want to hear. We will stop paying attention to those topics that we do not want to hear, such as messages that criticize us. Then we cannot be corrected, and we cannot take suggestions to change (Johnson). Placation As we have been taught to be nice, pleasant and supportive to others, we seldom criticize others especially when others are telling you things that we want to hear. But too hasty acceptance of messages that tells us what we like and want to hear can lead to serious problems (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We may half-listen just enough to get the drift, but not really involved. Instead, we should be careful to pay attention, to comprehend, and then to analyze and evaluate what speakers say (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60) Distraction A distraction is anything that pulls your attention away from that which you want, or need, to pay attention to (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). It is difficult to avoid distraction. There may be distraction in the environment and within you – day dreaming. When we dream, we pretend to listen but we actually drift about in our interior fantasies. Instead of disciplining ourselves to truly concentrate on the input, we turn the channel to a more entertaining subject. We may have missed some important points while we are dreaming. It is the major reason for ineffective listening. Fear of difficult This block applied when we need to listen and understand new materials or subjects that are new, difficult and challenging to us. In such situation, it is difficult to listen (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We always try to avoid or rationalize these subjects and not to listen. It is mainly due to the fear of failing. People does not like failing and try any methods to avoid it. There are numbers of ways to avoid failure. We stop paying attention to the subject and spend our time to somewhere else. Then we may tell ourselves, we are not fail to understand the topic, but refused to deal with it. Rationalization also helps people to avoid failure (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We usually hold someone else responsible for the consequences of not listening or understanding by saying the material is â€Å"boring†, † stupid†, â€Å"nothing to do with my daily work† and so forth. But as a result, we still do not understand the material. Like any other skill, the first step to improve listening is to understand of what you can do or stop doing in order to get better. The second step is to practice the new skill over and over again to make it as your habit. We have examined the blocks for effective listening. Let us move on to the elements to improve effective listening. There are 2 major elements to improve effective listening, namely comprehension and Analysis/Evaluation. Comprehension means that you are able to understand the speaker (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). There are some basic ways to improve our ability to understand speakers. The first step towards more effective listening comprehension is paying increased attention (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). Attention is your focus to the speaker and his/her material and sustaining the focus. Paying long and well enough attention help you to keep these verbal and nonverbal stimuli into your long-term memory. Then you are able to compare the information with new and old materials. Otherwise, information not stored in long term memory will be lost in a second and you are not able to understand the content because you will bot remember it (Tyson 1982). Everyone can increase attention by realizing its importance, avoid common tendency to day dream, fighting the tendency to give in to external and internal distractions, remove distractions if possible or learn to listen over distraction. We have the ability to listen to and understand speech even when there are severe distraction (Moore 1977, p.239). The second step to improve your ability to understand speaker is to understand the nature of non-verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is any communication expressed not in words but in body motion, paralanguage (how something is said), proxemics (the use of space), artifacts (physical objects), or environment (Knapp 1980, p. 4-11). It serves a variety of functions that to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, or regulate verbal communication (Knapp 1978, p. 38). However, it does not mean nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication. In case nonverbal communication is contradicted to verbal communication, it does not always the case that nonverbal communication is more reliable. The third step towards more effective listening is to increase your ability to comprehend verbal symbols, or message (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63). Although it is the speaker’s responsibility to make himself/herself clear and meaningful, communication is a two way process that listener has the same responsibility to understand speaker’s materials. This task can be accomplished by (1) increasing the quality and quantity of your experience, (2) learning to use context as a mean of increasing your understanding, (3) keeping your bias away, (4) controlling any fear of failure, (5) improve your vocabulary (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63-64), and (6) feedback to confirm your interpretation. The next element that helps to improve effective listening is analysis and evaluation. Once you have attended to and understood the speaker, you are ready to analyze and evaluate the message. Analysis is to examine the message in order to learn what the meanings are. Evaluation is the rendering of judgement on message to decide the value of the message. Both analytical and evaluative functions require you to examine a speaker’s support and reasoning, such as data, conclusion, reasoning process, examples and statistics. Effective listening will benefit as well as those who work with you. It breaks up the barriers between people and can understand each other more. In workplace, effective listening minimize the losses of potential revenues which may result from shipping the wrong products to customers. Or from miscommunication objectives and priorities among staffs. Or even from time lost because of having to re-communicate a second or third time to get things straightened out. To listen effectively, one must be positive, active, prevent affected by blocks we mentioned earlier, paying and sustain enough attention to the speaker, able to analyze after understanding. It is not an easy skill, but it is the most fundamental and powerful skill we need. When someone is willing to stop talking or thinking and begin truly listening to others, all of their interactions become easier, and communication problems are all but eliminated. How to cite Effective Listening, Essay examples

Effective Listening Free Essays

In a monthly marketing meeting, the marketing manager wants 5 of his staffs to conduct a research on market share on 5 different areas. Each staff is assigned a territory. The manager rejects, one month later in the same meeting, one of the 5 reports because the research is on the wrong territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we assume the ability of all staffs is the same, then it is obviously a communication breakdown that causes the wrong research was conducted. The consequence of misunderstanding may be costly to a company. Often when a misunderstanding occurs on the job, it is attributed to a lack of communication, which most of time implies that whoever was delivering the message did not do an effective job. But what about the other side, the listener? Listening is important in business because it is the communication skill most often used in human interaction (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.56). Between 45 and 55 percent of people’s communication time will be spent in listening to others (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.6, Werner 1975, p.26). However, listening is not a skill that most people perform well. Studies show that people do not listen effectively. On an average, people listen only at 25% efficiency (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.ix). It is difficult to define listening, but generally it can be defined as † a receiver orientation to the communication process; since communication involves both a source and a receiver, listening consist of the roles receivers play in the communication process† (Floyd 1985, p.9). Listening is a process that includes hearing, attending to, understanding, evaluating and responding to spoken messages. (Floyd 1985, p.9) Our own listening habits have been developed since we were born. Such habits are so well established that we perform them without thinking. But unfortunately, such habits are usually undesirable and lead to poor listening. There are numbers of reasons for ineffective listening. These do not apply equally to all listeners and the degree to which they do apply will vary from different situation, speaker, topic and so forth, They represent common and important reasons for ineffective listening: Rehearsing Your whole attention is designing and preparing â€Å"what to say next†. You look interested, but your minds are miles away because you are thinking about the next comment. Judging Negatively labeling people can be extremely limiting. Everyone has biases, but it leads to ineffective listening. For example you hear a speaker discuss an idea that you don’t like, you might stop paying attention to that speaker says, you might distort the message, and therefore failing to understand it because of prejudgment. As a result, your evaluation of the speaker and /or message could be unfair or in error (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.59). So, A basic rule of effective listening is to that judgements should only be made after you have heard and evaluated the content of the message (Johnson). Identifying You take everything people tell you and refer it back to your own experience. They may want to tell you about a car’s braking system, but that reminds you of your car accident. You launch into your story before they can finish theirs (Johnson). Talking rather than listening We too often love to hear our own voice and feel that our comments and ideas are always right (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.58). You are a great problem solver that you do not have to hear more than a few sentences before you begin searching for the right advice. But, while you are coming up with suggestions, you may have missed what is most important. Sometimes, people argue and debate with others who never feel heard because these people are so quick to disagree. In fact these people’s main focus is on finding things to disagree with. Filtering We usually filter out messages and listen only to those topics and materials that we want to hear. We will stop paying attention to those topics that we do not want to hear, such as messages that criticize us. Then we cannot be corrected, and we cannot take suggestions to change (Johnson). Placation As we have been taught to be nice, pleasant and supportive to others, we seldom criticize others especially when others are telling you things that we want to hear. But too hasty acceptance of messages that tells us what we like and want to hear can lead to serious problems (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We may half-listen just enough to get the drift, but not really involved. Instead, we should be careful to pay attention, to comprehend, and then to analyze and evaluate what speakers say (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60) Distraction A distraction is anything that pulls your attention away from that which you want, or need, to pay attention to (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). It is difficult to avoid distraction. There may be distraction in the environment and within you – day dreaming. When we dream, we pretend to listen but we actually drift about in our interior fantasies. Instead of disciplining ourselves to truly concentrate on the input, we turn the channel to a more entertaining subject. We may have missed some important points while we are dreaming. It is the major reason for ineffective listening. Fear of difficult This block applied when we need to listen and understand new materials or subjects that are new, difficult and challenging to us. In such situation, it is difficult to listen (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We always try to avoid or rationalize these subjects and not to listen. It is mainly due to the fear of failing. People does not like failing and try any methods to avoid it. There are numbers of ways to avoid failure. We stop paying attention to the subject and spend our time to somewhere else. Then we may tell ourselves, we are not fail to understand the topic, but refused to deal with it. Rationalization also helps people to avoid failure (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We usually hold someone else responsible for the consequences of not listening or understanding by saying the material is â€Å"boring†, † stupid†, â€Å"nothing to do with my daily work† and so forth. But as a result, we still do not understand the material. Like any other skill, the first step to improve listening is to understand of what you can do or stop doing in order to get better. The second step is to practice the new skill over and over again to make it as your habit. We have examined the blocks for effective listening. Let us move on to the elements to improve effective listening. There are 2 major elements to improve effective listening, namely comprehension and Analysis/Evaluation. Comprehension means that you are able to understand the speaker (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). There are some basic ways to improve our ability to understand speakers. The first step towards more effective listening comprehension is paying increased attention (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). Attention is your focus to the speaker and his/her material and sustaining the focus. Paying long and well enough attention help you to keep these verbal and nonverbal stimuli into your long-term memory. Then you are able to compare the information with new and old materials. Otherwise, information not stored in long term memory will be lost in a second and you are not able to understand the content because you will bot remember it (Tyson 1982). Everyone can increase attention by realizing its importance, avoid common tendency to day dream, fighting the tendency to give in to external and internal distractions, remove distractions if possible or learn to listen over distraction. We have the ability to listen to and understand speech even when there are severe distraction (Moore 1977, p.239). The second step to improve your ability to understand speaker is to understand the nature of non-verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is any communication expressed not in words but in body motion, paralanguage (how something is said), proxemics (the use of space), artifacts (physical objects), or environment (Knapp 1980, p. 4-11). It serves a variety of functions that to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, or regulate verbal communication (Knapp 1978, p. 38). However, it does not mean nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication. In case nonverbal communication is contradicted to verbal communication, it does not always the case that nonverbal communication is more reliable. The third step towards more effective listening is to increase your ability to comprehend verbal symbols, or message (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63). Although it is the speaker’s responsibility to make himself/herself clear and meaningful, communication is a two way process that listener has the same responsibility to understand speaker’s materials. This task can be accomplished by (1) increasing the quality and quantity of your experience, (2) learning to use context as a mean of increasing your understanding, (3) keeping your bias away, (4) controlling any fear of failure, (5) improve your vocabulary (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63-64), and (6) feedback to confirm your interpretation. The next element that helps to improve effective listening is analysis and evaluation. Once you have attended to and understood the speaker, you are ready to analyze and evaluate the message. Analysis is to examine the message in order to learn what the meanings are. Evaluation is the rendering of judgement on message to decide the value of the message. Both analytical and evaluative functions require you to examine a speaker’s support and reasoning, such as data, conclusion, reasoning process, examples and statistics. Effective listening will benefit as well as those who work with you. It breaks up the barriers between people and can understand each other more. In workplace, effective listening minimize the losses of potential revenues which may result from shipping the wrong products to customers. Or from miscommunication objectives and priorities among staffs. Or even from time lost because of having to re-communicate a second or third time to get things straightened out. To listen effectively, one must be positive, active, prevent affected by blocks we mentioned earlier, paying and sustain enough attention to the speaker, able to analyze after understanding. It is not an easy skill, but it is the most fundamental and powerful skill we need. When someone is willing to stop talking or thinking and begin truly listening to others, all of their interactions become easier, and communication problems are all but eliminated. How to cite Effective Listening, Essay examples Effective Listening Free Essays In a monthly marketing meeting, the marketing manager wants 5 of his staffs to conduct a research on market share on 5 different areas. Each staff is assigned a territory. The manager rejects, one month later in the same meeting, one of the 5 reports because the research is on the wrong territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we assume the ability of all staffs is the same, then it is obviously a communication breakdown that causes the wrong research was conducted. The consequence of misunderstanding may be costly to a company. Often when a misunderstanding occurs on the job, it is attributed to a lack of communication, which most of time implies that whoever was delivering the message did not do an effective job. But what about the other side, the listener? Listening is important in business because it is the communication skill most often used in human interaction (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.56). Between 45 and 55 percent of people’s communication time will be spent in listening to others (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.6, Werner 1975, p.26). However, listening is not a skill that most people perform well. Studies show that people do not listen effectively. On an average, people listen only at 25% efficiency (Nichols and Stevens 1957, p.ix). It is difficult to define listening, but generally it can be defined as † a receiver orientation to the communication process; since communication involves both a source and a receiver, listening consist of the roles receivers play in the communication process† (Floyd 1985, p.9). Listening is a process that includes hearing, attending to, understanding, evaluating and responding to spoken messages. (Floyd 1985, p.9) Our own listening habits have been developed since we were born. Such habits are so well established that we perform them without thinking. But unfortunately, such habits are usually undesirable and lead to poor listening. There are numbers of reasons for ineffective listening. These do not apply equally to all listeners and the degree to which they do apply will vary from different situation, speaker, topic and so forth, They represent common and important reasons for ineffective listening: Rehearsing Your whole attention is designing and preparing â€Å"what to say next†. You look interested, but your minds are miles away because you are thinking about the next comment. Judging Negatively labeling people can be extremely limiting. Everyone has biases, but it leads to ineffective listening. For example you hear a speaker discuss an idea that you don’t like, you might stop paying attention to that speaker says, you might distort the message, and therefore failing to understand it because of prejudgment. As a result, your evaluation of the speaker and /or message could be unfair or in error (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.59). So, A basic rule of effective listening is to that judgements should only be made after you have heard and evaluated the content of the message (Johnson). Identifying You take everything people tell you and refer it back to your own experience. They may want to tell you about a car’s braking system, but that reminds you of your car accident. You launch into your story before they can finish theirs (Johnson). Talking rather than listening We too often love to hear our own voice and feel that our comments and ideas are always right (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.58). You are a great problem solver that you do not have to hear more than a few sentences before you begin searching for the right advice. But, while you are coming up with suggestions, you may have missed what is most important. Sometimes, people argue and debate with others who never feel heard because these people are so quick to disagree. In fact these people’s main focus is on finding things to disagree with. Filtering We usually filter out messages and listen only to those topics and materials that we want to hear. We will stop paying attention to those topics that we do not want to hear, such as messages that criticize us. Then we cannot be corrected, and we cannot take suggestions to change (Johnson). Placation As we have been taught to be nice, pleasant and supportive to others, we seldom criticize others especially when others are telling you things that we want to hear. But too hasty acceptance of messages that tells us what we like and want to hear can lead to serious problems (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We may half-listen just enough to get the drift, but not really involved. Instead, we should be careful to pay attention, to comprehend, and then to analyze and evaluate what speakers say (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60) Distraction A distraction is anything that pulls your attention away from that which you want, or need, to pay attention to (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). It is difficult to avoid distraction. There may be distraction in the environment and within you – day dreaming. When we dream, we pretend to listen but we actually drift about in our interior fantasies. Instead of disciplining ourselves to truly concentrate on the input, we turn the channel to a more entertaining subject. We may have missed some important points while we are dreaming. It is the major reason for ineffective listening. Fear of difficult This block applied when we need to listen and understand new materials or subjects that are new, difficult and challenging to us. In such situation, it is difficult to listen (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We always try to avoid or rationalize these subjects and not to listen. It is mainly due to the fear of failing. People does not like failing and try any methods to avoid it. There are numbers of ways to avoid failure. We stop paying attention to the subject and spend our time to somewhere else. Then we may tell ourselves, we are not fail to understand the topic, but refused to deal with it. Rationalization also helps people to avoid failure (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.60). We usually hold someone else responsible for the consequences of not listening or understanding by saying the material is â€Å"boring†, † stupid†, â€Å"nothing to do with my daily work† and so forth. But as a result, we still do not understand the material. Like any other skill, the first step to improve listening is to understand of what you can do or stop doing in order to get better. The second step is to practice the new skill over and over again to make it as your habit. We have examined the blocks for effective listening. Let us move on to the elements to improve effective listening. There are 2 major elements to improve effective listening, namely comprehension and Analysis/Evaluation. Comprehension means that you are able to understand the speaker (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). There are some basic ways to improve our ability to understand speakers. The first step towards more effective listening comprehension is paying increased attention (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.61). Attention is your focus to the speaker and his/her material and sustaining the focus. Paying long and well enough attention help you to keep these verbal and nonverbal stimuli into your long-term memory. Then you are able to compare the information with new and old materials. Otherwise, information not stored in long term memory will be lost in a second and you are not able to understand the content because you will bot remember it (Tyson 1982). Everyone can increase attention by realizing its importance, avoid common tendency to day dream, fighting the tendency to give in to external and internal distractions, remove distractions if possible or learn to listen over distraction. We have the ability to listen to and understand speech even when there are severe distraction (Moore 1977, p.239). The second step to improve your ability to understand speaker is to understand the nature of non-verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is any communication expressed not in words but in body motion, paralanguage (how something is said), proxemics (the use of space), artifacts (physical objects), or environment (Knapp 1980, p. 4-11). It serves a variety of functions that to repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, accent, or regulate verbal communication (Knapp 1978, p. 38). However, it does not mean nonverbal communication is more important than verbal communication. In case nonverbal communication is contradicted to verbal communication, it does not always the case that nonverbal communication is more reliable. The third step towards more effective listening is to increase your ability to comprehend verbal symbols, or message (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63). Although it is the speaker’s responsibility to make himself/herself clear and meaningful, communication is a two way process that listener has the same responsibility to understand speaker’s materials. This task can be accomplished by (1) increasing the quality and quantity of your experience, (2) learning to use context as a mean of increasing your understanding, (3) keeping your bias away, (4) controlling any fear of failure, (5) improve your vocabulary (Curtis, Floyd and Winsor 1992, p.63-64), and (6) feedback to confirm your interpretation. The next element that helps to improve effective listening is analysis and evaluation. Once you have attended to and understood the speaker, you are ready to analyze and evaluate the message. Analysis is to examine the message in order to learn what the meanings are. Evaluation is the rendering of judgement on message to decide the value of the message. Both analytical and evaluative functions require you to examine a speaker’s support and reasoning, such as data, conclusion, reasoning process, examples and statistics. Effective listening will benefit as well as those who work with you. It breaks up the barriers between people and can understand each other more. In workplace, effective listening minimize the losses of potential revenues which may result from shipping the wrong products to customers. Or from miscommunication objectives and priorities among staffs. Or even from time lost because of having to re-communicate a second or third time to get things straightened out. To listen effectively, one must be positive, active, prevent affected by blocks we mentioned earlier, paying and sustain enough attention to the speaker, able to analyze after understanding. It is not an easy skill, but it is the most fundamental and powerful skill we need. When someone is willing to stop talking or thinking and begin truly listening to others, all of their interactions become easier, and communication problems are all but eliminated. How to cite Effective Listening, Essay examples