Management Responsibilities at Tesco

Management Responsibilities at Tesco In this study I try briefly to focus on the super market company, Tesco, with emphasis on the operational responsibility of a facility manager, legal, health and safety (HS) obligations, administrative system, day to day responsibility of a facility manager. Introduction: Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world (the largest in the UK) and its objectives are to provide its staff with all the necessary training and equipment to perform their everyday jobs efficiently and provide their customers with a service that is second to none. Tesco aims to deliver cheaper and the best available products for its customers, from the best suppliers and also long term reductions throughout the business. Tescos aim is to try and make their customers shopping trip as easy as possible and make sure they spend less per product and get the best value. Tesco are now providing more and more non food products/services including Electrical, Car and Home insurance, Broadband etc. (http://www.tescoplc.com) The responsibilities of the facilities manager for staff engaged in facilities operation (p1) There is a lot of responsibility of a facility manager for the staff engaged in facility operation. The responsibilities related staffs includes Employment condition Pay issue Training and development The wages Holidays TUPE etc. Arranging the appraisal includes certificate safety hand book Keeping report of incident, inspection, HS etc. Legal issue includes Working time regulation ( average 48 hour in a week for full time employee) Rules of dismissal Transfer of undertaking according to the law. The facility manager needs to ensure all the facility according to the law . Responsibility of a facility manager has to operational aspects of the building (p2) Facility manager need to confirm Building space allocated properly. A safe, comfortable and productive environment for the entire employee and the customers visiting the building. Ensure efficient use of building HAVAC, electrical and mechanical system. Demountable walls for office and conference rooms are encouraged for greater flexibility. Flexible modular etc. Manager need follow some regulation The main requirement, workplace (health, safety and welfare) regulation 1992 and their associated approved code of practice (ACOP) Health and safety (display screen equipment) regulations 1992 Building regulations 2000, approved document. (www.HYPERLINK http://www.buildingdesign.co.uk/mech/landisstaefa/landis.htmbuildingHYPERLINK http://www.buildingdesign.co.uk/mech/landisstaefa/landis.htmdesign.co.uk/mech/landisstaefa/landis.htm) Responsibility of facility manager has towards customers using the facility (p3) Customers are most important part for any supermarket. They should provide some facility for customers And facilities manager maintain all of these facilities which are using by the customers. The responsibilities of facility manager regarding this are- Identify the customer and their need. Provide product information to customer Ensure customer service like customer care assistant, customer care department, complaint center etc. Ensure health and safety issue for customer. Good access for disabled customer. Good security policy for customers. I.e. CCTV, security guard. Information center. Disable toilets Wash room Car parking Sign board for identifying the product. Self service till etc. Impact of employers and funding agencies on facilities operations (P4) The facility manager has to know about conditions and regulations of management board. Ownership of facilities, the employers, management board, local authorities and different funding agencies have important role on facility operation. The manager needs to ensure the facility for them as well as to follow the rule and regulation. Time share programme Car parking facility etc. The demand of authorities Their social tradition etc Recruiting policy Customer facility (car parking, security, health and safety policy) Participate in different environmental and social activities (local club, cultural program) etc. The statutory regulation that affects facility operation (P5) Statutory regulations have important effect on facility operation of any organization. The six-pack consists of six key sets of regulations introduced together in 1992. Some of them have been updated. They are * Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (Management Regulations) -make a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks to employees (including, specifically, young people and pregnant women) and others affected by their work activities. -plan, organize, control, monitor and review health and safety arrangements etc * Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 (Workplace Regulations) -These regulations govern much of the responsibility which facilities managers have for ensure that the work premises are clean, comfortable, well-lit, well-ventilated and well-organized. * Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 -Manual handling is the transporting or supporting of a load by hand or bodily force, including lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving. * Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) -Employers must ensure all work equipment (such as tools, photocopiers, vehicles, manufacturing plant) is safe to use, maintained in a safe condition and is inspected for safety by a competent person, used only by trained personnel etc. * Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (PPE Regulations) -assess whether PPE (such as face masks, gloves etc.) is suitable and provide it to employees exposed to risks, ensure items of PPE worn together are compatible etc. * Health and safety (display screen equipment) regulation 1992 (DSE Regulation) -Every employer shall ensure that any workstation which may be used for the purposes of his undertaking meets the requirements laid down in the Schedule to these Regulations. There are some other key statutory regulations the employer and facility management need to know. Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (CDM Regulations) Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002 (CAW Regulations) Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1989 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) Health and Safety Information for Employees Regulations 1989 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 All regulations effects the facilities operations of Sainsburys and the management system need to be care full about this regulations. In every supermarket they have some legal issues that never been changed or broken. These legal issues sometimes affect in different way in business. These legal issues are most important for customer staff. These issues probably made by the government and under the company. As following Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 Sexual Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) 1999 Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) 2003 Facilities manager responsibility is to maintain all of these legal issues. They never did any differentiate between all of these categories peoples. Health and safety measures implemented by a facility manager (P6) Health and safety in work is one of the most important issues. The facility manager needed to follow the rules and regulation of health and safety issues and should have a nice risk assessment procedure. There are two types of risk Pure risk like fire, storm, theft, violence etc. Business risk such as change of customer expectation, Government policy, Economic impact (credit crunch) etc. Organization needs to follows HSEs five steps for risk assessment- Look for the hazards. Decide who might be harmed and how. Weigh up the risks and decide whether existing precautions are adequate or more needs to be done. Record your findings 5.Review your assessment and revise it if necessary. Tesco follow the regulations given below to maintain health and safety in their organization. * Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) According this regulation the employer must follow these criteria- Make a suitable and sufficient assessment of health risks to employees exposed to hazardous substances. In order of preference, prevent exposure, control exposure or provide PPE provide health surveillance for exposed employees keep exposed employees health records for 40 years attach safety data sheets to COSHH assessments. * Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) According this law tacos health and safety executive (HSE) need to make all the reports of injuries, disease of employees and dangerous occurrence in workplace. These health and safety rules are provided for customers and staffs for keep them safe from any unexpected accident. The health and safety measures that implemented by a facility manager, is Ventilation Temperature Lighting Floor space Sanitation Cleanness and waste materials Fire exit Risk assessment First aid Health and safety training (www.unitetheunion.com) The documentation required to statutory regulations and health and safety measure (p7) Tesco follow a proper documentation system and paper work regarding the statutory regulations and health and safety measures. By keeping the paperwork of their annual health and safety reports. This report provides all the data about serious injuries, facility change, controlling health and safety risks etc. Always keep the HSE posters to maintain control the health and safety of employees. Follow the regulations of fire authority by fulfilling their expectation. By ensuring that the stores have enough fire exits, fire alarms, fire blanket, first aid kit, fire exit sign and train the employees about fire risk Employers liability (compulsory insurance) Act1969 is maintained by Sainsbury to ensure the value of employees. Sainsburys supermarkets have active monitoring system and they take proper reaction regarding the results. In the case of safety representatives, the information must also be sufficient to enable them to carry out their functions under the Regulations. These include: investigation of potential hazards and dangerous occurrences and examine the causes of accidents investigation of members complaints making representations to the employer consulting and receiving information from HSE inspectors and other enforcement officers on behalf of members attending meetings of the safety committee The Facility manager must ensure that each safety representative is provided with reasonable training, in respect of that representatives functions under the Regulations, for which the employer must pay. System processing information and maintaining communications (p8) Before setting the system we need to think some criteria. The system need to cover all data and information of customers and its employees. i.e., For management information there should be information on planning, benchmarking and performance measurement. For property management there needs to be information on property, portfolio control, estate diary and real estate development. For maintaining communication there need to effective IT system. Where customers can get all the information. Also communicate with the customers using media like advertisements, promotions and the website. An effective IT systems is using in the organization to keep the records of customers. Control system required for effective facilities operations (p9) The term control system may be applied to the essentially manual controls that allow operating internal facilities operation. An effective and efficient planning system is important for long-term economic progress. In this sector it includes companys financial issues. In this sectors it is include accounting department store lease cost suppliers payment Stores internal wages staff salary sick pay maternity pay paternity cost store maintenance cost Yearly bonus Pensions Training and development cost Customer facilities cost A good recruiting process need to be controlled by their human resource department. Advertising the vacancies through their website. Receive the applications Consider the applications and calling for interview Choose the right person A good control system is being applied in giving salaries and wages. They also expense money for staff training, new technology development etc. System needed by a facilities manager to support effective building management (p10) A building management system (BMS) is a computer based control system installed in building which normally comprises- Power systems Illumination System Electric Power control system Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning HVAC System Security Observation system Magnetic card and access system Fire alarm system Lifts, Elevators etc. Plumbing system Operational benefits like as low operating cost, high productivity and efficient use of building etc. Maintenance companies benefits are effective use of maintenance staff, ease of information, detecting problems etc. The communication maintained by Ethernet and internet both guest and employee. Appropriate criteria to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of facility operation (P11) Facility management department need to follow appropriate criteria to keep the quality and effectiveness of facility operations in a good level. This is involves the relation of the cost and level of performance. For that we need to know about the resource drivers which help in deployment of resource. Tescos resource drivers can be classified as Quantitative: the floor area of stores, number of stores etc. Qualitative: geographic location of Tescos, their product quality etc. Economic: tax and interest rates, market condition etc. Operating condition: specific lease condition of buildings. Then the facility manager needs to think about their market targets and current performance data. To ensure the performance data FM can use CAFM facility and helpdesk software. The FM should have clear concern about the facility system of competitor. Moreover, Facility manager need to think about sustainable property idea which is based on the principle that the construction and operation of buildings do not lead to any environmental deterioration of natural world resources. FM should consider following to achieve the objective; pollution: reduction in emissions from service vehicles Waste: recycling of waste material where possible, e.g., paper, batteries. Implement evaluation and review procedures to analyse the quality and effectiveness of facility operation (P12) Tesco aims to deliver cheaper and the best available products for their customer. The FM try to make their customers shopping trip as easy as possible and make sure they spends less per product and get the best value. A proper implementation of facility operation will help Tesco to, Keep the operational cost to a minimum Make a safe and healthy place to work follow all the regulations Make all the systems effective etc. Tesco always collect information and data of their competitors, bench marketing, and share market and to comparing data from different organizations. All written documents and feedback of previous operations make it easy to make the quality and effectiveness of facility operation high. Tesco created different facility like as good customer service good access facility(disabled access, space for wheelchair) Enough information facility for of their products Easy to shop (online shopping, free home delivery) etc. Overall a quality and effective facility operation brings these key benefits for Tesco Effective management of organisations assets Enhance staff skills Enables new working styles and process Enhances an Sainsburys identity and image Delivers business continuity and workforce protection in an era of heightened market turbulence and security threats Conclusion and recommendation: As we have seen the responsibility of a facility manager in terms of facility operation, Tesco has mastered and exploited all the concept of facility operation and become the market leader. As a facility manager would like to recommend my managing director to ensure the IT facility and self service till facility at all the store.

Customer Review Essay

1. Describe the Michelson Morley experiment and discuss the importance of its negative result. 2. Calculate the fringe shift in Michelson-Morley experiment. Given that: [pic], [pic], [pic], and [pic]. 3. State the fundamental postulates of Einstein special theory of relativity and deduce from them the Lorentz Transformation Equations . 4. Explain relativistic length contraction and time dilation in special theory of relativity? What are proper length and proper time interval? 5. A rod has length 100 cm. When the rod is in a satellite moving with velocity 0.9 c relative to the laboratory, what is the length of the rod as measured by an observer (i) in the satellite, and (ii) in the laboratory?. 6. A clock keeps correct time. With what speed should it be moved relative to an observer so that it may appear to lose 4 minutes in 24 hours? 7. In the laboratory the ‘life time’ of a particle moving with speed 2.8x108m/s, is found to be 2.5Ãâ€"10-7 sec. Calculate the proper life time of the particle. 8. Derive relativistic law of addition of velocities and prove that the velocity of light is the same in all inertial frame irrespective of their relative speed. 9. Two particles come towards each other with speed 0.9c with respect to laboratory. Calculate their relative speeds. 10. Rockets A and B are observed from the earth to be traveling with velocities 0.8c and 0.7 c along the same line in the same direction. What is the velocity of B as seen by an observer on A? 11. Show that the relativistic invariance laws of conservation of momentum leads to the concept of variation of mass with speed and mass energy equivalence. 12. A proton of rest mass [pic] is moving with a velocity of 0.9c. Calculate its mass and momentum. TUTORIAL SHEET: 1 (Module1: Special Theory of Relativity) . 13. The speed of an electron is doubled from 0.2 c to 0.4 c. By what ratio does its momentum increase? 14. A particle has kinetic energy 20 times its rest energy. Find the speed of the particle in terms of ‘c’. 15. Dynamite liberates about 5.4Ãâ€"106 J/Kg when it explodes. What fraction of its total energy is in this amount? 16. A stationary body explodes into two fragments each of mass 1.0 Kg that move apart at speeds of 0.6 c relative to the original body. Find the mass of the original body. 17. At what speed does the kinetic energy of a particle equals its rest energy? 18. What should be the speed of an electron so that its mass becomes equal to the mass of proton? Given: mass of electron=9.1Ãâ€"10-31Kg and mass of Proton =1.67Ãâ€"10-27Kg. 19. An electron is moving with a speed 0.9c. Calculate (i) its total energy and (ii) the ratio of Newtonian kinetic energy to relativistic energy. Given: [pic] and[pic]. 20. (i) Derive a relativistic expression for kinetic energy of a particle in terms of momentum. (ii) Show that the momentum of a particle of rest mass [pic] and kinetic energy [pic], is given by[pic]. 21. Find the momentum (in MeV/c) of an electron whose speed is 0.60 c. Verify that v/c = pc/E TUTORIAL SHEET: 2(a) (Module2: Wave Mechanics) 1. What do you understand by the wave nature of matter? Obtain an expression of de Broglie wavelength for matter waves. 2. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron and a photon each of energy 2eV. 3. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength associated with a proton moving with a velocity equal to 1/20 of the velocity of light. 4. Show that the wavelength of a 150 g rubber ball moving with a velocity of [pic] is short enough to be determined. 5. Energy of a particle at absolute temperature T is of the order of [pic]. Calculate the wavelength of thermal neutrons at[pic]. Given: [pic], [pic] and [pic]. 6. Can a photon and an electron of the same momentum have the same wavelengths? Calculate their wavelengths if the two have the same energy. 7. Two particles A and B are in motion. If the wavelength associated with particle A is [pic], calculate the wavelength of the particle B if its momentum is half that of A. 8. Show that when electrons are accelerated through a potential difference V, their wavelength taking relativistic correction into account is [pic] , where e and [pic] are charge and rest mass of electrons, respectively. 9. A particle of rest mass m0 has a kinetic energy K. Show that its de Broglie wavelength is given by [pic] TUTORIAL SHEET: 2(a) (Module2: Wave Mechanics) 16. Explain Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Describe gamma ray microscope experiment to establish Heisenberg uncertainty principle. 17. How does the Heisenberg uncertainty principle hint about the absence of electron in an atomic nucleus? 18. Calculate the uncertainty in momentum of an electron confined in a one-dimensional box of length[pic]. Given:[pic] . TUTORIAL SHEET: 2(b) (Module 2: Wave Mechanics) 1. Differentiate between ÃŽ ¨ and IÃŽ ¨I2. Discuss Born postulate regarding the probabilistic interpretation of a wave function. 2. Write down the set of conditions which a solution of Schrà ¶dinger wave equation satisfies to be called a wave function. 3. What do you mean by normalization and orthogonality of a wave function? 4. Show that if potential energy V(x) is changed everywhere by a constant, the time independent wave equation is unchanged. What is the effect on the energy Eigen values? 5. Show that[pic], where [pic]the reduced mass and B is the binding energy of the particles. 6. Show that [pic]is an acceptable eigen function, where k is some finite constant. Also normalize it over the region[pic]. 7. Explain the meaning of expectation value of x. write down the Eigen operators for position, linear momentum and total energy. 8. Show that time independent Schrà ¶dinger equation is an example of Eigen value equation. 9. Derive the time independent Schrà ¶dinger equation from time dependent equation for free particle. 10. For a free particle, show that Schrà ¶dinger wave equation leads to the de-Broglie relation [pic]. 11. Derive expression for probability current density or particle flux. Also , show that the probability density Ï  and probability current density [pic] satisfy the continuity equation[pic] TUTORIAL SHEET: 2(b) (Module 2: Wave Mechanics) 12. Write Schrà ¶dinger equation for a particle in a box and determine expression for energy Eigen value and Eigen function. Does this predict that the particle can possess zero energy? 13. Find the expectation values of the position and that of momentum of a particle trapped in a one dimensional rigid box of length L. 14. The potential function of a particle moving along positive x-axis is given by V(x) = 0for x < 0 V(x) = V0for x [pic] 0 Calculate the reflectance R and transmittance T at the potential discontinuity and show that R+T=1. 15. An electron is bounded by a potential which closely approaches an infinite square well of width[pic]. Calculate the lowest three permissible quantum energies the electron can have. 16. A particle is moving in one dimensional box and its wave function is given by [pic]. Find the expression for the normalized wave function. 17. Calculate the value of lowest energy of an electron moving in a one-dimensional force free region of length 4[pic]. 18. A particle of mass [pic]kg is moving with a speed of [pic] in a box of length[pic]. Assume this to be one dimensional square well problem, calculate the value of n. 19. A beam of electron impinges on an infinitely wide energy barrier of height 0.03 eV, find the fraction of electrons reflected at the barrier if the energy of the electrn is (a) 0.025 eV (b) 0.030 eV (c) 0.040 eV TUTORIAL SHEET: 3(a) (Module 3: Atomic Physics) 1. What are the essential features of Vector Atom model? Also discuss the quantum numbers associated with this model. 2. For an electron orbit with quantum number l = 2, state the possible values of the components of total angular momentum along a specified direction. 3. Differentiate between L-S coupling (Russel-Saunders Coupling) and j-j coupling schemes. 4. Find the possible value of J under L-S and j-j coupling scheme if the quantum number of the two electrons in a two valence electron atom are n1 = 5 l1 = 1 s1 =1/2 n2 = 6 l2 = 3 s2 = 1/2 5. Find the spectral terms for 3s 2d and 4p 4d configuration. 6. Applying the selection rule, show which of the following transitions are allowed and not allowed D5/2 [pic] P3/2; D3/2 [pic] P3/2 ; D3/2 [pic] P1/2 ; P3/2 [pic] S1/2 ; P1/2 [pic] S1/2 7. What is Paschen back effect? Show that in a strong magnetic field, anomalous Zeeman pattern changes to normal Zeeman pattern. 8. Why does in normal Zeeman effect a singlet line always splitted into three components only. 9. Illustrate Zeeman Effect with the example of Sodium D1 and D2 lines. 10. An element under spectroscopic examination is placed in a magnetic field of flux density 0.3 Web/m2. Calculate the Zeeman shift of a spectral line of wavelength 450 nm. 11. The Zeeman components of a 500 nm spectral line are 0.0116 nm apart when the magnetic field is 1.0 T. Find the ratio (e/m) for the electron. 12. Calculate wavelength separation between the two component lines which are observed in Normal Zeeman effect, where – the magnetic field used is 0.4 weber/m2 , the specific charge- 1.76x1011Coulomb/kg and ÃŽ »=6000[pic]. TUTORIAL SHEET: 3(b) (Module 3: Atomic Physics) 1. Distinguish between spontaneous and stimulated emission. Derive the relation between the transition probabilities of spontaneous and stimulated emission. 2. What are the characteristics of laser beams? Describe its important applications. 3. Calculate the number of photons emitted per second by 5 mW laser assuming that it emits light of wavelength 632.8 nm. 4. Explain (a) Atomic excitations (b) Transition process (c) Meta stable state and (d) Optical pumping. 5. Find the intensity of laser beam of 15 mW power and having a diameter of 1.25 mm. Assume the intensity to be uniform across the beam. 6. Calculate the energy difference in eV between the energy levels of Ne-atoms of a He-Ne laser, the transition between which results in the emission of a light of wavelength 632.8nm. 7. What is population inversion? How it is achieved in Ruby Laser? Describe the construction of Ruby Laser. 8. Explain the operation of a gas Laser with essential components. How stimulated emission takes place with exchange of energy between Helium and Neon atom? 9. What is the difference between the working principle of three level and four level lasers? Give an example of each type. 10. How a four level Laser is superior to a three level Laser? TUTORIAL SHEET: 3(c) (Module 3: Atomic Physics) 1. Distinguish between continuous X-radiation and characteristic X-radiation spectra of the element. 2. An X ray tube operated at 100 kV emits a continuous X ray spectrum with short wavelength limit ÃŽ »min = 0.125[pic]. Calculate the Planck’s constant. 3. State Bragg’s Law. Describe how Bragg’s Law can be used in determination of crystal structure? 4. Why the diffraction effect in crystal is not observed for visible light. 5. Electrons are accelerated by 344 volts and are reflected from a crystal. The first reflection maxima occurs when glancing angle is 300 . Determine the spacing of the crystal. (h = 6.62 x 10-34 Js , e = 1.6 x 10-19 C and m = 9.1 x10-31 Kg) 6. In Bragg’s reflection of X-rays, a reflection was found at 300 glancing angle with lattice planes of spacing 0.187nm. If this is a second order reflection. Calculate the wavelength of X-rays. 7. Explain the origin of characteristic X-radiation spectra of the element. How Mosley’s law can explained on the basis of Bohr’s model. 8. What is the importance of Mosley’s law? Give the important differences between X-ray spectra and optical spectra of an element? 9. Deduce the wavelength of [pic] line for an atom of Z = 92 by using Mosley’s Law. (R= 1.1 x 105 cm-1). 10. If the KÃŽ ± radiation of Mo (Z= 42) has a wavelength of 0.71[pic], determine the wavelength of the corresponding radiation of Cu (Z= 29). 11. The wavelength of LÃŽ ± X ray lines of Silver and Platinum are 4.154 [pic]and 1.321[pic], respectively. An unknown substance emits of LÃŽ ± X rays of wavelength 0.966[pic]. The atomic numbers of Silver and Platinum are 47 and 78 respectively. Determine the atomic number of the unknown substance. TUTORIAL SHEET: 4(a) (Module 4: Solid State Physics) 1. Discuss the basic assumptions of Sommerfeld’s theory for free electron gas model of metals? 2. Define the Fermi energy of the electron. Obtain the expression for energy of a three dimensional electron gas in a metal. 3. Prove that at absolute zero, the energy states below Fermi level are filled with electrons while above this level, the energy states are empty. 4. Show that the average energy of an electron in an electron gas at absolute zero temperature is 3/5[pic], where[pic], is Fermi energy at absolute zero. 5. Prove that Fermi level lies half way down between the conduction and valence band in intrinsic semiconductor. 6. Find the Fermi energy of electrons in copper on the assumption that each copper atom contributes one free electron to the electron gas. The density of copper is 8.94(103 kg/m3 and its atomic mass is 63.5 u. 7. Calculate the Fermi energy at 0 K for the electrons in a metal having electron density 8.4x1028m-3. 8. On the basis of Kronig – Penney model, show that the energy spectrum of electron in a linear crystalline lattice consists of alternate regions of allowed energy and forbidden energy. 9. Discuss the differences among the band structures of metals, insulators and semiconductors. How does the band structure model enable you to better understand the electrical properties of these materials? 10. Explain how the energy bands of metals, semiconductors and insulators account for the following general optical properties: (a) Metals are opaque to visible light, (b) Semiconductors are opaque to visible light but transparent to infrared, (c) Insulator such as diamond is transparent to visible light. 11. Discuss the position of Fermi energy and conduction mechanism in N and P-type extrinsic semiconductors. TUTORIAL SHEET: 4(b) (Module 4: Solid State Physics) 1. What do you mean by superconductivity? Give the elementary properties of superconductors. 2. Discuss the effect of magnetic field on a superconductor. How a superconductor is different from a normal conductor. 3. Discuss the effect of the magnetic field on the superconducting state of type I and type II superconductors. 4. What are the elements of the BCS theory? Explain the formation of Cooper pairs. 5. Explain the phenomena of Meissner effect and zero resistivity with the help of BCS theory. 6. The metals like gold, silver, copper etc. do not show the superconducting properties, why? 7. Describe the V-I characteristics of p-n junction diode. What do you understand by drift and diffusion current in the case of a semiconductor? 8. Explain the working and characteristics of a photodiode by using I-V curve. 9. Describe the phenomena of carrier generation and recombination in a semiconductor. 10. Define the phenomenon of photoconduction in a semiconductor. Deduce the relation between the wavelength of photon required for intrinsic excitation and forbidden energy gap of semiconductor. 11. Establish the relation between load current and load voltage of a solar cell. Describe the applications of solar cell in brief.

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children and Adults

Assignment 301 – communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults. Effective communication. Being clear on key points. Showing respect. Maintaining a sense of humour. Remembering issues which are personal to them. Taking time to listen to them. Being considerate Building Positive Relationships. Task A. 1 Task A. 2 Effective Communication:- This is the key area for developing relationships with others and also coves many different forms of communication. Showing Respect:- It is important to be courteous and respectful and also to listen to their points of views.As adults and children come from different cultures and backgrounds or different values from your own, show respect and acknowledge their views. Being Considerate:- working in an environment with different people under particular pressure at a given time and need to understand why they may have behaved or reacted in a certain way, or out of character. Remembering issues which are person al to them:- enquiring about a particular aspects of someone’s life can help build a positive relationship.Being Clear on key points:- when i have conversations with others and it includes passing on information i should ensure that what i have said, i have said it clear enough for them to understand. As i don’t want them to be distracted from the main point of what i have said. Taking time to listen to others:- Making sure that i take time to listen to others, for example if they are asking for help/advice , i will show that i am interested in what they have to say so that i can respond appropriately.Maintaining a sense of humour:- the nature of my work is important, i also take time to the funny side of the situation as laughter can be a good icebreaker and is also a great way of relaxing and relieving stress. Task A. 3 Form of communication| Factors to consider| Formal meeting with the head| Set clear expectations for the meeting, dress appropriately, be punctual, m aintain respect, balance formality with friendliness, agree actions to be taken. | Informal conversation before/after school| Maintain respect, be punctual, agree on actions to be taken, listen to what’s being said, if there any cons balance them out with the pros. Parents evening| dress appropriately, maintain respect, balance formality with friendliness, if there is any cons balance them with the pros when speaking about there child. Listen to what the parents are saying. | Responding to an e-mail| Always keep your focus on why the email has been sent in the first place. It helps if you know the person whom sent the email. Avoid being negative all the time, balance it out with positives. | Childs report| Make sure what is written makes sense, include what lessons that the child is excelling in/ lessons that the child could improve in, behaviour towards teachers/staff and piers. newsletter| Have news that is interesting to the readers, offer tips and advice, make it interact ive by including polls, make it fun, get the parents involved. | Task C. 1 situation| Ways of adapting style of communication and Skills needed| Speaking to a young child who appears shy and nervous| Ways: if there was a child who was shy and nervous in my class then i would give the child plenty of time to adapt to the new surroundings, urge the child to speak but not force them to speak if he/she don’t wont to speak.Skills:Have patience Use the correct body languageGive the child encouragement| Speaking to a child who stammers| Ways: if there was a child who stammered in my class i would give the child plenty of time to express what they are saying, i would slow down my speech when talking to them so that they feel less rushed when they have to speak. I would also encourage the child after they had=ve said a word that they had difficulties with.Skills:Have patienceGive eye contact Give the child encouragement| Speaking to a child who has been rude to a Member of staff| Ways :If i was to deal with a child who has been rude to another member of staff i would have a quite word with the child. I would ask the child what happened before they were rude to there teacher then i would ask the child why they were rude then i would ask do you think the way you reacted inside the class was appropriate or do you think you could have dealt with it differently.Skills:Listen to what the child is saying to me. Give the child eye contact. Use the correct body language because you want the child to take you serious. | Speaking to a parent for whom English is an Additional language| Ways:If i was to deal with a parent/carer who’s first language wasn’t English then i would speak slowly so that the parents can grasp onto what’s being said, maybe use hand signals, also i would see if there was a multi-language teacher/ assistant available for assistance.Skills:Speak clearly. Listen carefully what is being said| Speaking to a parent who is angry| Ways: If i was to deal with an angry parent i would take the parent in to a quite room, i would then ask the parent to calm down before i spoke to them to deal with any problems that they have, then once the parents have calmed down i would ask them if there is any problems, what they would like/ think i should do that would help solve the problem. Skills:Listening to what is being said.Have plenty of patience Be able to stay calm | Speaking to a new member of staff who is Reluctant to engage with children | Ways: If i was to speak to a new member of staff who was reluctant to engage learners then i would give them an encouraging speech ask them to speak to the childrenSkills: Eye contactBody languageFacial expressions| Speaking at an appraisal meeting with the head teacher| Ways: If i was in a appraisal meeting with the head teacher i would ask the staff how i would achieve Skills:|Task B. 2 Legislation| Brief overview| 1. Every child matters (England 2005) Based on the Children Act 2004. | This green paper stresses the importance of moreIntergraded services and sharing of informationBetween professionals. It came into being afterThe tragic case of Victoria Climbie, when there Was no communication between the professionalsInvolved with her case. | 2. Data protection Act 1998. Schools ask parents and carers for a variety of Information so that we care for the children as Effectively as we can while they are in our care With us. However we can only ask for Information which is directly relevant for example-Health and medical information. -Records from previous schools. -Records of children who have special educationalNeeds . This information is kept confidential and is only Used for the purpose it is gathered for. | Related essay: â€Å"Advice About Communication†

The Kite Runner Is A Powerful Book Contrasting Selfishness...

The Kite Runner is a powerful book contrasting selfishness and selflessness. The book follows the life of Amir, a character who experiences guilt and tragedy throughout his life. While growing up in Kabul, Amir witnesses the imperfect and prejudice society in his country. Within an imperfect society, there are many who are self-invested, and among those, there are those who are selfless. Characters Amir and Hassan possess selfish and selfless traits. The traits that these characters possess are influenced by fear, victimization, and loyalty, ultimately leading them to inaction and action. Amir’s selfishness is often channeled through his guilt and sense of fear. Although Amir witnesses the tragic event that unfolds in front of his eyes, he immediately realizes that he fails to prove his loyalty to Hassan. While staring down the alley, Amir realized that he â€Å"had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan-the way he’d stood up for me all those times in the past-and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end†¦I ran because I was a coward† (77). By witnessing what was happening in the alley, a sense of fear rushed over Amir, ultimately leading to his decision of running away like a coward. By running away, Amir shows that he cares more about himself in this situation than he does about Hassan. He has a fear of what will happen to him if he intervenes, when